1 Flashcards

1
Q

organic compound containing a carboxyl functional group.

A

A Carboxylic Acid

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2
Q

important functional group that present C=O.

A

The carboxylic acids are the

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3
Q

citric acid, lactic acid or fumaric acid are produced from by

A

fermentation

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4
Q

The general formula of a carboxylic acid is

A

R-COOH

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5
Q

Carboxylic Acid has a

A

double connection with an oxygen atom and a single bond with a hydroxyl group.

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6
Q

carboxylic acid contains a

A

hydroxyl group attached to a carbonyl carbon.

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7
Q

carboxylic acid contains a hydroxyl group attached to a carbonyl carbon. Due to

A

the electronegativity of the oxygen

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8
Q

The carboxylate ion, produced from

A

the removal of a proton from the carboxyl group

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9
Q

Carboxylic acid molecules are polar due to

A

the presence of two electronegative oxygen atoms

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10
Q

Carboxylic acid participate in hydrogen bonding due to

A

the presence of the carbonyl group (C=O) and the hydroxyl group

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11
Q

The solubility of compounds containing the carboxyl functional group in water depends on

A

on the size of the compound

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12
Q

The boiling point of a carboxylic acid is generally

A

higher than that of water

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13
Q

carboxylic acid can easily be halogenated via

A

the Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction.

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14
Q

Fatty acids that are essential to human beings are made up of carboxylic acids. Examples include

A

omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids.

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15
Q

Higher fatty acids are also used in the

A

manufacture of soaps.

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16
Q

Hexanedioic acid is used in the

A

manufacture of nylon-6,6.

17
Q

What foods contain carboxylic acids

A

In plants and animals,

citric acid in citrus fruits, such as oranges and lemons

18
Q

The acid-catalyzed esterification of carboxylic acids with alcohols to
give esters is termed

A

Fischer esterification

19
Q

The direct conversion of a carboxylic acid to an amide is difficult because

A

amines are very basic

20
Q

aromatic to refer to the class of compounds that contain

A

six-membered benzene-like rings with three double bonds.

21
Q

benzene is much less reactive than

A

typical alkenes and fails to undergo typical alkene addition reactions.

22
Q

trophile with a benzene ring has a

A

relatively high activation energy and is rather slow.

23
Q

Electrophilic aromatic halogenations also occur in the biological synthesis

A

In humans, the best-known example occurs in the thyroid gland

24
Q

Aromatic (aryl) halides such as chlorobenzene don’t react. In addition, Friedel–Crafts reactions don’t succeed

A

on aromatic rings that are already substituted by the groups NO2, CN, SO3H, or COR

25
Q

In aromatic nitration, for instance, the presence of an OH substituent makes

A

the ring 1000 times more reactive than benzene,

26
Q

while an NO2 substituent makes the ring more than

A

10 million times less reactive.

27
Q

Aldehydes and Ketones have a double bond functional group. Because

A

of the greater electronegativity of oxygen

28
Q

aldehydes and ketones have larger molecular dipole moments (D) than

A

do alkenes.

29
Q

presence of oxygen with its non-bonding electron pairs makes aldehydes and ketones hydrogen-bond

A

acceptors, and should increase their water solubility relative to hydrocarbons.

30
Q

is the simplest aldehyde

A

Formaldehyde

31
Q

is the smallest ketone.

A

Acetone

32
Q

Acetaldehyde is largely used for

A

for the production of acetic acid and pyridine derivatives.

33
Q

Benzaldehyde is used in

A

perfumes, cosmetic products, and dyes.

34
Q

Formaldehyde is a gas. With 40% solution in water, it forms Formalin which is used in

A

preserving biological specimens.

35
Q

Formaldehyde is used in

A

embalming, tanning, preparing glues and polymeric products, as germicides, insecticides, and fungicides for plants

36
Q

In the household, acetone is used as

A

nail paint remover and paint thinner.

37
Q

In medicine, acetone used in

A

chemical peeling and for acne treatments.

38
Q

Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), chemically butanone, is a

A

common solvent. It is used in the production of textiles, varnishes, plastics, paint remover, paraffin