1 Flashcards
No universal
Psychologische processen die niet in elke cultuur voorkomt
Existential culture
Psychologisch proces die in verschillende culturen voorkomt maar niet op de zelfde manier gebruikt wordt (eg harder werken naar succes in westen en in east Asia juist na failure)
Functional universal
Psychologisch fenomeen bestaat in verschillende culturen, lost zelfde problemen op, maar mate van accessibility verschilt (eg straf na wet breken)
Accessibility universal
Fenomeen bestaat in alle culturen, zelfde mechanisme en in zelfde maat accessible (eg physical laws)
WEIRD
Western, educated, industrialized, rich & democratic
Prestige bias
People witch prestige will be imitated more often
Similarity bias
People choose role models based on how similar they are to themselves
Conformist transmission
The tendency to learn from people who are engaged in behaviours that are more common (following what majority is doing)
Mentalizing and perspective taking
Someone has theory of mind and is able to socially learn by taking perspective of other
- imitative learning: learner internalises goals and behavorial strategies of role model
- emulative: learner focuses on environmental elements involved, does not require role models behavioural strategy
Cultural learning: cognitive foundations
- mentalizing and perspective taking
- language
- sharing experiences and goals
Ratchet effect
Cumulative culture: information can increase without losing previous info
Proximate causes
Have a direct en immediate relationship with effect (eg winning war because more weapons)
Distal causes
Differences that lead to long term effect, often due to indirect relationships (eg winning war because you have a lot of iron in the ground)
Evoked culture
Specific environments evoke specific responses from al people within environment
Transmitted culture
Cultural information passed on or learned via social transmission
