1

Question 1

The good things that we should do and the bad things that we should avoid;

Answer 1

Ethics

Question 2

the right ways in which we could or should act and the wrong ways of
acting

Answer 2

Ethics

Question 3

It is about what is acceptable and unacceptable in human behaviour.

Answer 3

Ethics

Question 4

It may involve obligations that we are expected to fulfill, prohibitions that
we are required to respect, or ideals that we are encouraged to meet.

Answer 4

Ethics

Question 5

Aesthetics – derived from the Greek word

Answer 5

“aesthesis”

Question 6

“aesthesis” means

Answer 6

“sense” or “feeling”)

Question 7

refers to the judgements of personal approval or
disapproval that we make about what we see, hear, smell, or taste

Answer 7

Aesthetics

Question 8

certain approval or disapproval of actions which can be
relatively more trivial in nature

Answer 8

Etiquette

Question 9

It is concerned with right and wrong
actions, but those considered not quite grave enough to belong to the
discussion on ethics.

Answer 9

Etiquette

Question 10

Technical Valuation – derive from the Greek word

Answer 10

“techne”

Question 11

“techne” means

Answer 11

techniques and technical

Question 12

refer to a proper way (or right way) of doing things but may not necessarily be an ethical.

Answer 12

Technical Valuation

Question 13

used to refer specific beliefs or attitudes that people have or
to describe acts that people perform

Answer 13

Morals

Question 14

the discipline of studying and understanding ideal human behavior and ideal ways of thinking

Answer 14

Ethics

Question 15

reports how people, particularly groups, make their moral valuations without making any judgement either for or against these valuations

Answer 15

Descriptive Ethics

Question 16

• often done in philosophy or moral theology
• discussion prescribes what we ought to maintain as our standards or bases for moral valuations

Answer 16

Normative Ethics

Question 17

used to refer to those particular situations that are often the source of considerable and inclusive debates

Answer 17

Moral issue

Question 18

when one is faced in a situation and confronted by
the choice of what act to perform

Answer 18

Moral Decision

Question 19

when one is an observer who makes an assessment
on the actions or behavior

Answer 19

Moral Judgment

Question 20

Going beyond the matter of choosing right over wrong, or good over bad

Answer 20

Moral Dilemma

Question 21

person’s fear of punishment or desire for reward

provides what?

Answer 21

reason

Question 22

Rationally established grounds by which one justifies and maintains her moral decisions and judgement

Answer 22

Principle

Question 23

A systematic attempt to establish the validity of maintaining certain moral principles.

Answer 23

Moral Theory/Framework

Question 24

It is a structure which can evaluate our reasons for valuing a
certain decision or judgement.

Answer 24

Moral Theory/Framework

Question 25

This can make us reflect on the principles that we maintain and thus, the decisions and judgments we make.

Answer 25

Moral Theory/Framework

Question 26

By studying these, we can reconsider, clarify, modify, and ultimately strengthen our principles, thereby informing better both our moral judgments and moral decisions.

Answer 26

Moral Theory/Framework

Question 27

It is a system of rules that are created and enforced through social and governmental institutions to regulate behavior.

Answer 27

AUTHORITY OF THE LAW

Question 28

It has been defined as the science of Justice or the Art of Justice.

Answer 28

AUTHORITY OF THE LAW

Question 29

is a system that regulates and ensures that individuals or a community adhere to the will of the state

Answer 29

Law

Question 30

The divinity called God, Allah, or Supreme Being commands and one is obliged to obey her Creator

Answer 30

Divine Command Theory AUTHORITY OF THE RELIGION

Question 31

integrated pattern of human knowledge belief and behavior that depends upon the capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations

Answer 31

Culture AUTHORITY OF CULTURE

Question 31

there is no single universal standard for different ways of valuation

Answer 31

Cultural Relativism

Question 32

James Rachels’ Criticism

Answer 32

cultural relativism

Question 33

Recognize that the individual thinking person (the subject) is at the heart of all moral valuation.

Answer 33

SUBJECTIVISM

Question 34

She (individual) is the one who is confronted with the situation and is burdened with the need to make a decision or judgement.

Answer 34

SUBJECTIVISM

Question 35

The individual is the sole determinant of what is morally good or bad, right or wrong.

Answer 35

SUBJECTIVISM

Question 36

“Human beings are naturally self-centered, so all our actions are always already motivated by self-interest”.

Answer 36

PSYCHOLOGICAL EGOISM

Question 37

The theory describes the underlying dynamic behind all human actions.

Answer 37

PSYCHOLOGICAL EGOISM

Question 38

The ego or self has its desires and interests, and all our actions are geared toward satisfying these interests

Answer 38

PSYCHOLOGICAL EGOISM

Question 39

a theory that conveniently identifies a single basis that will somehow account for all actions is a good example of this.

Answer 39

Simplicity

Question 40

plausible that self-interest is behind a person’s actions.

Answer 40

Plausibility

Question 41

It is clearly the motivation behind many of the actions one performs which are obviously self-serving; it could very well also be the motivation behind an individual’s seemingly other-directed actions

Answer 41

Plausibility

Question 42

here is no way to try to answer it without being confronted by the challenge that, whatever one might say, there is the self-serving motive at the root of everything

Answer 42

Irrefutable

Question 43

prescribes that we should make our own ends, our own interests, as the single overriding concern

Answer 43

ETHICAL EGOISM

Question 44

act in a way that is beneficial to others, but we should do that only if it ultimately benefits us

Answer 44

ETHICAL EGOISM