1

Question 1

sedentary societies

Answer 1

permanent societies, no need to migrate

Question 2

neolithic revolution (first agricultural revolution)

Answer 2

10000 BCE to 2200 BCE. Began in the fertile crescent, India, China, Mesoamerica. Significance, population growth and sedentary societies.

Question 3

First crops

Answer 3

wheat, barley, corn (native americans), rice

Question 4

second agricultural revolution

Answer 4

1600s and 1700s. significance, malthus theory was debunked, food production could grow exponentially.

Question 5

enclosure

Answer 5

the consolidation of large farms by individuals, driving out small communal farmers.

Question 6

Exponential growth for food production was made possible by advances in technology such as what?

Answer 6

mechanization

Question 7

mechanization

Answer 7

mechanical plower and reaper, seed drill, barbed wire fences, fertilizer, combine

Question 8

green revolution (third agricultural revolution)

Answer 8

scientists used knowledge of genetics to develop high-yield strains of crops, plant hybrids, pesticides. It led to the development of GMOs

Question 9

GMOs

Answer 9

a plant or animal obtained through genetic manipulation

Question 10

pros of GMOs

Answer 10

feed large populations affordably

Question 11

cons of GMOs

Answer 11

impure food, environmental damage, exploitation of small farmers and workers by corporations, small farmers were driven out many small farmers could not afford the hybrid seeds and chemicals.

Question 12

agribusiness

Answer 12

large scale agricultural business (production, processing, distribution) of food

Question 13

biotechnology

Answer 13

the science of altering organisms through genetic manipulation

Question 14

commodity chain

Answer 14

a network of people, information, processes and resources that work together to produce and distribute a product

Question 15

why were the chicken farms located next to each other in rural area?

Answer 15

cheap land and labor

Question 16

agglomeration

Answer 16

when businesses in the same industry are located next to each other

Question 17

vertical integration

Answer 17

when a company controls every step of production from start to finish

Question 18

economy of scale

Answer 18

costs reductions that occur when production rises

Question 19

subsidies

Answer 19

loans, insurance, payments to farmers from the government (incentives to replace the lack of profit)

Question 20

tariffs

Answer 20

a tax on foreign goods

Question 21

Top 2 agricultural exports

Answer 21

corn and soybeans

Question 22

commercial farming

Answer 22

larger scale agricultural practice

Question 23

subsistence farming

Answer 23

growing just enough crops and livestock to feed a family or village

Question 24

who would be the last to be affected by a price increase of diesel?

Answer 24

distributors

Question 25

agricultural hearth

Answer 25

the region where the crop originated

Question 26

where did grapes and olives originate?

Answer 26

Mediterranean climate zone(mild) - Greece and Italy

Question 27

where did potatoes originate?

Answer 27

southern mexico, can grow in high altitudes.

Question 28

where did wheat originate?

Answer 28

southwest Asia (Iraq)

Question 29

where did rice originate?

Answer 29

China

Question 30

which crops originated around the equator?

Answer 30

bananas, coffee, tobacco

Question 31

columbian exchange

Answer 31

the exchange of crops and livestock between the old world and the new world

Question 32

what came from the old world?

Answer 32

wheat, sugar, cattle, pigs, horses, chickens

Question 33

what came from the new world?

Answer 33

maize, potato, tomato, tobacco, pineapple, avocado, cocoa

Question 34

difference between plantations and commercial farms in developed states

Answer 34

-plantations focus on monocropping and monoculture -commercial farms in developed states are more mechanized

Question 35

monocropping

Answer 35

planting the same crop for multiple seasons

Question 36

monoculture

Answer 36

planting the same crop annually

Question 37

cons of monoculture/monocropping

Answer 37

depletes the nutrients in the soil

Question 38

commodity dependence

Answer 38

occurs when 60% of a states's export is dependent on one or two commodities (fluctuating prices in world markets

Question 39

what is an example of commodity dependence?

Answer 39

Nigeria and oil

Question 40

intensive agriculture

Answer 40

requires intensive labor but not much land

Question 41

what are some examples of intensive agriculture?

Answer 41

dairy farms, chicken farms, wet rice fields in Asia, tobacco and coffee plantations, mixed agriculture

Question 42

mixed agriculture

Answer 42

crops + livestock

Question 43

feedlots

Answer 43

save space

Question 44

is mixed agriculture intensive or extensive agriculture?

Answer 44

intensive agriculture

Question 45

extensive agriculture

Answer 45

requires a large amount of land but is not labor intensive

Question 46

what are examples of extensive agriculture?

Answer 46

slash and burn agriculture, grain fields, ranches

Question 47

slash and burn agriculture

Answer 47

cut down trees in a plot of land and burn the trees for fertilizer

Question 48

what are other names for slash and burn agriculture?

Answer 48

swidden and shifting agriculture