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1
Q

What is an Amine?

A

A compound containing a nitrogen atom bonded to carbon atoms.

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2
Q

What is a Carbonyl?

A

A functional group characterized by a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.

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3
Q

What is an Ether?

A

A compound in which an oxygen atom is bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups.

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4
Q

What is an Alcohol?

A

A compound containing one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups.

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5
Q

What is an Alkyl halide?

A

A compound derived from an alkane by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms.

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6
Q

What is an Alkyne?

A

A hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.

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7
Q

What is an Alkene?

A

A hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond.

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8
Q

What is an Alkane?

A

A hydrocarbon containing only single carbon-carbon bonds.

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9
Q

What are Functional Groups?

A

Specific groups of atoms within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.

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10
Q

What is the significance of Functional Groups in organic chemistry?

A

They determine the properties and reactivity of the molecule regardless of the carbon backbone.

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11
Q

What is hydrogen in organic chemistry?

A

Hydrogen is a fundamental element that forms the framework of hydrocarbons, which are compounds consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.

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12
Q

What are hydrocarbons?

A

Hydrocarbons are organic compounds made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms that can join in many different configurations.

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13
Q

What is an amide?

A

An amide is a functional group characterized by the -NH group.

Example: CH3NH2 (acetamide)

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14
Q

What is an ester?

A

An ester is a functional group derived from an acid, where at least one hydroxyl group (-OH) is replaced by an alkoxy group (-O-alkyl).

Example: CH3COOCH3 (methyl acetate)

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15
Q

What is a carboxylic acid?

A

A carboxylic acid is a functional group characterized by the -COOH group.

Example: CH3COOH (acetic acid)

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16
Q

What is an acyl chloride?

A

An acyl chloride is a functional group derived from a carboxylic acid by replacing the hydroxyl group with a chloride.

Example: CH3COCl (acetyl chloride)

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17
Q

What is a ketone?

A

A ketone is a functional group characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to two carbon atoms.

Example: CH3COCH3 (acetone)

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18
Q

What is an aldehyde?

A

An aldehyde is a functional group characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to at least one hydrogen atom.

Example: CH3CHO (acetaldehyde)

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19
Q

What is an impantan?

A

Impatant is not defined in the provided text.

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20
Q

What is the structure of acetaldehyde?

A

CH₃CHO

Acetaldehyde is an aldehyde.

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21
Q

What is the structure of acetone?

A

CH₃COCH₃

Acetone is a ketone.

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22
Q

What is the structure of acetyl chloride?

A

CH₃COCl

Acetyl chloride is an acyl chloride.

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23
Q

What is the structure of acetic acid?

A

CH₃COOH

Acetic acid is a carboxylic acid.

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24
Q

What is the structure of methyl acetate?

A

CH₃COOCH₃

Methyl acetate is an ester.

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25
What is the structure of acetamide?
CH₃NH₂ ## Footnote Acetamide is an amide.
26
What are hydrocarbons?
Hydrocarbons are organic chemical compounds consisting only of hydrogen and carbon.
27
What do carbon atoms form in hydrocarbons?
Carbon atoms join to form a framework to which hydrogen atoms are attached.
28
What are the two different types of hydrocarbons?
Aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons.
29
How are hydrocarbons classified?
By their properties as classified by 19th century chemists.
30
What do aliphatic hydrocarbons consist of?
Chains of carbon atoms.
31
What do aromatic hydrocarbons consist of?
Closed rings of carbon atoms.
32
What is the building block of aromatic hydrocarbons?
The benzene ring.
33
What does the term 'aliphatic' mean?
Derived from Greek 'aleiphar', meaning 'fat'.
34
What are aliphatic hydrocarbons derived from?
Chemical degradation of fats or oils.
35
What are aromatic hydrocarbons obtained from?
Chemical degradation of pleasant-smelling plant extracts.
36
Have the terms 'aliphatic' and 'aromatic' been retained in modern usage?
Yes, these terms have been retained in modern chemistry.
37
What are alkanes?
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between carbon atoms.
38
What are alkenes?
Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
39
What are alkynes?
Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.
40
What are aromatic hydrocarbons?
Aromatic hydrocarbons possess special stability and contain a benzene ring as a structural unit.
41
What are non-aromatic hydrocarbons?
Non-aromatic hydrocarbons lack a benzene ring as a structural unit.
42
What is the significance of functional groups in organic compounds?
The chemistry of every organic compound is determined by the functional groups it contains.
43
What is the importance of identifying functional groups?
Identifying functional groups is key for the nomenclature of individual compounds.
44
What organization oversees the nomenclature of organic compounds?
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) oversees the nomenclature rules.
45
When was the first assembly for nomenclature suggestions held?
The first assembly for nomenclature suggestions was held in Geneva in 1892.
46
What is the miscibility of hydrocarbons with water?
Hydrocarbons are immiscible with water.
47
What is the base part of an organic compound's name?
The base part (root name) reflects the number of carbons assigned as the parent chain (longest chain).
48
How are functional groups represented in organic compound names?
The root name is modified by the highest priority functional group, which modifies the suffix, while other groups are added as prefixes.
49
What do the suffix and prefix in organic nomenclature indicate?
The suffix reflects the type(s) of functional groups present on (or within) the parent chain, while prefixes indicate substituents.
50
What are substituents in organic chemistry?
Substituents are other groups attached to the parent chain.
51
What are the two types of nomenclature in organic chemistry?
The two types are common nomenclature and systematic nomenclature.
52
How do common names differ from systematic names?
Common names have no necessary connection between name and structure and must be memorized, while systematic names are keyed directly to molecular structure according to IUPAC rules.
53
What organization provides the rules for systematic nomenclature?
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) provides the rules.
54
What are functional groups derived from?
Functional groups are viewed as derived from alkanes by adding or modifying the carbon skeleton.
55
What is the prefix for carboxylic acids?
The prefix for carboxylic acids is 'carboxy-'.
56
What is the suffix for aldehydes?
The suffix for aldehydes is '-al'.
57
What is the suffix for ketones?
The suffix for ketones is '-one'.
58
What is the prefix for alcohols?
The prefix for alcohols is 'hydroxy-'.
59
What is the suffix for amines?
The suffix for amines is '-amine'.
60
What is the suffix for ethers?
The suffix for ethers is '-ether'.
61
What happens during oxidation?
Oxidation occurs when hydrogen atoms are removed from a carbon atom or when an oxygen atom is added to a carbon atom.
62
What happens during reduction?
Reduction occurs when hydrogen atoms are added to a carbon atom or when an oxygen is removed from a carbon atom.
63
What is an Alkane?
A saturated hydrocarbon with single bonds between carbon atoms.
64
What is an Alkene?
An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
65
What is an Alcohol?
An organic compound with one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups.
66
What is an Ether?
An organic compound with an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups.
67
What is an Alkyl halide?
An organic compound derived from an alkane by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms.
68
What is an Amine?
An organic compound derived from ammonia by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms with alkyl or aryl groups.
69
What is an Alkyne?
An unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.
70
What is an Aldehyde?
An organic compound containing a carbonyl group (C=O) with at least one hydrogen atom attached.
71
What is a Carboxylic acid?
An organic compound containing a carboxyl group (-COOH).
72
What are the oxidation numbers of carbon in H2CO?
The oxidation number of carbon is 0.
73
What are the oxidation numbers of carbon in HCOOH?
The oxidation number of carbon is +1.
74
What are the oxidation numbers of carbon in CO2?
The oxidation number of carbon is +4.
75
Does the transformation H-C-OH to H-C-H involve oxidation or reduction?
It involves reduction.
76
Does the transformation H-H to H-C-OH involve oxidation or reduction?
It involves oxidation.
77
Does the transformation H-COH to O=O involve oxidation or reduction?
It involves oxidation.
78
What defines ethers?
Ethers are defined by oxygen bonded to two carbon chains.
79
What is the significance of ethers in chemistry?
The functional group of ethers can conform to many different structures, making it an important character in synthetic transformations.
80
What defines ketones?
Ketones are defined by a carbon double bond to oxygen and can only be found in the inside of a molecular chain.
81
How do ketones differ from aldehydes?
Ketones differ from aldehydes because they can only be found in the interior of a molecular chain, while aldehydes are found at the ends.
82
What characterizes aldehydes?
Aldehydes are defined by a carbon double bond to oxygen and a single bond to hydrogen.
83
Where are aldehydes located in a molecular chain?
Aldehydes can only be found at the ends of molecular chains.
84
What defines amines?
Amines are carbon molecules bound to nitrogen, with nitrogen typically having a lone pair of electrons.
85
What characterizes carboxylic acids?
Carboxylic acids are characterized by the carboxyl group represented as RCOOH (R being any alkyl group).
86
What is the structure of carboxylic acids?
Carboxylic acids bond to a carbon that has a double bond to oxygen and is also attached to a hydroxyl group.
87
What are alkanes?
Alkanes are a group of hydrocarbons characterized by single bonds between carbon atoms and have the general molecular formula CnH2n+2.
88
What is the structure of alkanes?
Alkanes have a tetrahedral structure with each carbon atom involved in sigma (σ) bonds.
89
What are straight-chain paraffins?
Straight-chain paraffins are alkanes with more than 15 carbon atoms per molecule and are typically solids.
90
What are branched-chain paraffins?
Branched-chain paraffins have 5 to 15 carbon atoms and are generally liquids at room temperature.
91
What are the properties of paraffins with fewer than 5 carbon atoms?
Paraffins containing fewer than 5 carbon atoms are colorless and are the major constituents of natural gas.
92
What is the octane rating of branched-chain paraffins compared to straight-chain?
Branched-chain paraffins have a much higher octane number rating than straight-chain paraffins.
93
What are the first three members of alkanes?
Methane, ethane, and propane are the first three members of alkanes.
94
What is unique about methane, ethane, and propane?
They are uniquely defined by their molecular formula.
95
What are the two different alkanes for C4H10?
The two different alkanes are n-butane and isobutane.
96
What does the prefix 'n-' represent in n-butane?
'n-' represents normal, indicating a continuous chain of carbon atoms.
97
What is the structure of isobutane?
Isobutane has a branched chain.
98
What are isomers?
Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the order in which the atoms are connected.

CHE 102 (1 decks)

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