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1
Q

PRINCIPLE BEHIND SPECIAL COLLECTION PROCEDURES, SPECIAL SUPPLIES OR EQUIPMENT

A

Special collection procedures are non-routine laboratory test that may not only involve additional preparation and procedure but may require other specimen such as urine or feces.

These can be applied for special cases such as blood donation.

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2
Q

Special collection procedures are _______ that may not only involve _____ and _____ but may require other specimen such as ________

A

non-routine laboratory test ; additional preparation ; procedure ; urine or feces.

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3
Q

PRINCIPLE BEHIND SPECIAL COLLECTION PROCEDURES, SPECIAL SUPPLIES OR EQUIPMENT

These can be applied for special cases such as _____-

A

blood donation.

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4
Q

Determines Blood type and Rh factor

A

Blood Bank: Blood type & Screen

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5
Q

common blood group in blood type & screen

A

ABO Blood and Rh blood group

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5
Q

Blood Bank: Blood type & Screen

A

Determines Blood type and Rh factor

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6
Q

Patient and Donor undergo ______ before transfusion/donation

A

Blood typing

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7
Q

special requirement of blood type and screen

A

none

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8
Q

Cross-match test

A

Checks the compatibility of the blood between the donor and the recipient

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8
Q

special requirement of cross match test

A

Patient’s serum or plasma and donor’s RBCs

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9
Q

Blood Culture

A

Determines the:

presence of infection,

identifies the type of organism

measure the extent of infection.

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9
Q

Special requirement of blood culture

A

Blood volume should be 20 to 30 mL per culture with a minimum of 10 mL per draw for patients weighing more than 80 pounds.

For infants it should be only 1 to 4% of the total blood volume.

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9
Q

For infants it should be only __ of the total blood volume.

A

1 to 4%

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9
Q

Blood volume should be _______with a minimum of _____ for patients weighing more than______

A

20 to 30 mL per culture ; 10 mL per draw ; 80 pounds.

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10
Q

how many days to see results in blood culture

A

5 days

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10
Q

Coagulation test

A

Evaluates the blood clotting function

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11
Q

Special Requirement

Coagulation test

A

Microclots are avoided by gently inverting anticoagulants tubes 3 or 4 times from collection.

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11
Q

What happens if patient is not efficient in blood

A

easily bleed or bruise

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12
Q

2-hour Postprandial glucose

A

Screening for diabetes and other metabolic disorders

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13
Q

Special Procedure
2-hour Postprandial glucose

A

Must be obtained 2 hours after meal

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13
Q

(GTT)

A

Glucose Tolerance Test

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14
Q

(OGTT)

A

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

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14
Q

Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT often used in ______

A

2nd and 3RD trimester
pregnant women

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15
Q

ano ineevaluate ng GTT and OGTT

A

gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

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15
Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
Diagnose problems in carbohydrate metabolism and checks the ability to metabolize glucose thru the tolerance level
16
Special Requirement in GTT AND OGTTT
1 hour for gestational diabetes 3 hours for other glucose metabolism evaluation.
17
Lactose Tolerance Test
Determine the lack of mucosal lactase which is responsible for conversion of lactose into glucose
18
SPECIAL REQUIPREMNT FOR LACTOSE TOLERANCE TEST
Same procedure as 2-hour GTT but an equal amount of lactose is substituted for glucose
19
Paternity/Parentage Testing
Verifies the probability that the patient fathered a particular child.
19
Paternity/Parentage Testing Special requirement
Follows the chain-of custody protocol and specific identification procedures.
20
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Tests the drug levels at specific interval to establish proper drug dosage and avoid toxicity.
20
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring SPECIFIC REQUIREMENT
Collection timing should include the peak and trough level.
21
Therapeutic Phlebotomy
Used as treatment to polycythemia and hemochromatosis
21
SPECIAL Requirement Therapeutic Phlebotomy
Involves withdrawal of approximately 500 mL as part of the treatment.
22
Toxicology test
Checks the presence of toxins in the blood, hair, urine, and other substances
22
Toxicology test SPECIAL REQURIEMENT
Toxins usually exist in very small amounts
23
TRACE ELEMENTS
Checks for presence of aluminum, arsenic, copper, lead, iron, and zinc
23
SPECIAL REQUIREMENT FOR TRACE ELEMENTS
Measured in small amounts
23
Sample Blood Bank Label
Patient Date of birth Date ID Technician Time
24
Common anticoagulant for blood ban
EDTA (purple / pink (blood banking purposes)
24
Blood Bank special identification systems
ID bracelet (self-carbon adhesive for specimen), Blood ID band (linear bar-code) Siemens Patient Identification check-blood administration.
24
self-carbon adhesive for specimen
ID Bracelet
25
linear bar-code
Blood ID band
26
Siemens Patient Identification
check-blood administration.
26
Screening
includes typing the blood for transfusion and screening for infectious diseases. The blood type (ABO) and Rh factor (+ or -) are determined
27
In crossmatching there are cases that??
There are cases when there is a need to conduct a crossmatch test to eliminate blood related compatibility issues that may arise between the patient and the donor.
27
Units of blood
Can be separated into RBCs, plasma and platelets but these should still be traceable to the donor
27
Is done mainly for the purposes of blood transfusion
Blood Donor
28
Blood Donor Should be _____ years of age, with a minimum weight of ______ . They must have completed the ______ and declared their _______
18 to 65 ; 110 lbs (50 kg ; physical exam ; medical history
28
PROPER DONOR IDENTIFICATION, BLOOD UNITS LABELING AND POST HANDLING PROCEDURES
Blood Donor Units of Blood Autologous Donation Cell salvaging
29
Blood Donor
Is done mainly for the purposes of blood transfusion Should be 18 to 65 years of age, with a minimum weight of 110 lbs (50 kg). They must have completed the physical exam and declared their medical history
30
Units of blood Can be separated into ____ , _______ and _______ but these should still be traceable to the donor
RBCs, plasma and platelets
31
Where the patient donates blood for his use especially for elective surgeries
Autologous donation
32
Cell salvaging
Where the blood of the patient is salvaged (during surgical procedure), washed and re-infused after testing for residual free hemoglobin.
33
Autologous donation
Where the patient donates blood for his use especially for elective surgeries
34
STERILE TECHNIQUE IN BLOOD CULTURE COLLECTION
Test that checks the blood for pathogens for patients who have a fever of unknown origin (FUO) The test determines the presence of bacteria in the blood that causes bacteremia or presence of microorganism and toxins in the blood that causes septicemia.
35
Physician orders this test only if there is a probability of bloodstream invasion
Blood Culture
36
Blood culture for optimum results
The collection should have 2-4 blood culture sets placed in special bottles, one aerobic (with air) and one anaerobic (without air), that were drawn 30 to 60 minutes apart.
37
Is crucial in the blood collection procedure
Skin antisepsis
38
Skin antisepsis
Is crucial in the blood collection procedure because it prevents the contamination by microbial flora in the skin which can be introduced in blood culture bottles and affect the results
38
What bottles used for blood culture
BACTEC Bottles
38
BACTEC Bottles
Placed on blood culture system/automated blood culture system, the machine will alert if bacteria grows in the bottle
38
Media Inoculation Methods
directly into the bottle (during collection) collected in a syringe (after collection) through an intermediate collection tube (in the lab)
38
blood is transferred to the culture bottles after completing the draw using a safety transfer device which is activated as soon as the needle is removed from the site
Syringe method
38
Performed in the laboratory rather than the patient's bedside
Intermediate Collection Tube
39
BEST WAY: minimal chance to grow contaminants in the 3 ways to inoculate the medium
directly into the bottle (during collection)
40
Special Collection Procedure (Non Routine)
Blood Bank: Blood type & Screen Blood Bank: Cross-match test Blood Culture Coagulation test 2-hour Postprandial glucose Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) and Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) Lactose Tolerance Test Paternity/Parentage Testing Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Therapeutic Phlebotomy Toxicology test Trace elements

Special collection and poct (2 decks)

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