1

Question 1

What provides flexible support for the trunk and head?

Answer 1

Vertebral Column

Question 2

What transmits weight of the trunk and upper extremities to the lower extremities?

Answer 2

Vertebral Column

Question 3

Where does the spinal canal begin and end?

Answer 3

Begins at base of skull and extends to sacrum

Question 4

What forms the spinal canal?

Answer 4

Succession of the vertebral foramen

Question 5

What is enclosed and protected by the spinal canal?

Answer 5

Spinal Cord

Question 6

Where does the spinal cord begin?

Answer 6

Below the medulla oblongata

Question 7

Where does the spinal cord continue until?

Answer 7

Lower border of L1

Question 8

What is the pointed end of the spinal cord called?

Answer 8

Conus medullaris

Question 9

What continues inferiorly from the conus medullaris?

Answer 9

Cauda Equina

Question 10

What separates adult vertebrae?

Answer 10

Intervertebral Disks

Question 11

What do intervertebral disks allow?

Answer 11

Flexibility

Question 12

How many sections are in the vertebral column?

Answer 12

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacrum, Coccyx

Question 13

How many vertebrae are in the cervical section?

Answer 13

First 7 vertebrae

Question 14

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic section?

Answer 14

Middle 12 vertebrae

Question 15

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar section?

Answer 15

Final 5 vertebrae

Question 16

What is the sacrum shaped like?

Answer 16

Shovel-shaped bone

Question 17

How many separate bones does a child have in the vertebral column?

Answer 17

33 separate bones

Question 18

How many separate bones does an adult have in the vertebral column?

Answer 18

26 separate bones

Question 19

What do the curves of the spine help maintain?

Answer 19

Balance along center of gravity

Question 20

What are the primary curves of the spine?

Answer 20

• Thoracic
• Sacral

Question 21

What are compensatory (secondary) curves?

Answer 21

• Cervical
• Lumbar

Question 22

What is lordosis?

Answer 22

Exaggerated lumbar curvature

Question 23

What is kyphosis?

Answer 23

Abnormal posterior convexity of thoracic spine

Question 24

What is scoliosis?

Answer 24

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spinal column

Question 25

What is the typical vertebra's body?

Answer 25

Thick weight-bearing portion

Question 26

What is the vertebral arch?

Answer 26

Ring or arch of bone that extends posterior from the body

Question 27

What forms the zygapophyseal joint?

Answer 27

Superior articular and inferior articular processes

Question 28

What are intervertebral joints?

Answer 28

Joints between vertebral bodies

Question 29

What are costal joints?

Answer 29

Articulations between ribs and thoracic vertebrae

Question 30

What forms intervertebral foramina?

Answer 30

Superior and inferior vertebral notches

Question 31

What is the outer portion of the intervertebral disk called?

Answer 31

Annulus fibrosus

Question 32

What is the inner portion of the intervertebral disk called?

Answer 32

Nucleus pulposus

Question 33

What distinguishes cervical vertebrae from typical vertebrae?

Answer 33

C3-C6 are typical; C7 has an extra long spinous process

Question 34

What is the atlas (C1) characterized by?

Answer 34

No body, anterior arch

Question 35

What is the dens or odontoid process?

Answer 35

Part of the axis (C2) that acts as a pivot for head rotation

Question 36

What are costovertebral joints?

Answer 36

Joints between thoracic vertebrae and ribs

Question 37

What is unique about the thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 37

Long spinous processes that point inferiorly

Question 38

What is the angle of the thoracic zygapophyseal joints from the midsagittal plane?

Answer 38

70-75 degrees

Question 39

What type of joint is the atlantoaxial joint?

Answer 39

Synovial, diarthrodial, gliding

Question 40

How many foramina do all cervical vertebrae have?

Answer 40

3 foramina (2 transverse, 1 vertebral)

Question 41

What is the position required to demonstrate cervical intervertebral foramina?

Answer 41

45-degree oblique combined with 15-20° cephalad/caudad angle

Question 42

What is the total number of bones in the adult vertebral column?

Answer 42

26

Question 43

Is the thoracic spinal curvature classified as a primary curve?

Answer 43

True

Question 44

What is an abnormally increased 'sway-back' spinal curvature called?

Answer 44

Lordosis

Question 45

What forms the costotransverse joint?

Answer 45

Tubercle of the rib and transverse process of the vertebra