1 Flashcards

Question

Evaluate the use of mechanical heart valves vs biological ones.

Answer 1

MECHANICAL VALVES • longer lasting or more durable or don't wear out as easily or less likely to need replacing (within 6 years) blood clots (on the brain) are more likely (after surgery) • patient has to take anti-clotting medication (for the rest of their lives) if medication not taken (correctly), clots can lead to blood clots on brain / heart attack medication can lead to excessive bleeding (after injury) some patients say they can hear the valves opening and closing survival rate at 5 years is slightly higher for mechanical valve lower percentage of deaths due to heart-related problems BIOLOGICAL VALVES • no additional medication required ethical issues surrounding use of animal issue valve may harden more likely to need further operation or another new valve • more likely to be rejected more likely to need (immuno-suppressant) medication BOTH VALVES both are readily available little wait time

Answer 2

Less blood flows through Less blood flows through the heart

Answer 3

Opens/widens artery So more blood can flow through

Answer 4

Advantages: • • • • only have to take the tablet once a day only a tablet so easy to take or only a tablet so not painful to take (drugs are effective so) less likely to get a blood clot drugs are cheap so less cost to NHS or drugs are cheap so (more) people can afford them drugs have been used for a long time so must be safe / trusted Disadvantages: patients have.to make sure they always have a supply of drugs • patients could forget to take the drugs (every day) • patients could still get a blood clot in the first week restrictions on lifestyle because patients have to have a blood test every few weeks • restrictions on lifestyle because patient can't eat certain foods patients may get a blood clot if they eat the wrong food risks associated with puncturing skin / infection patient may have a fear of needles higher risk of bleeding / bruising

Answer 5

In limestone and fossils, fossil fuels as well

Answer 6

Food —> Scraps —> Compost —> Fertiliser —> Grow

Answer 7

Warm and Moist

Answer 8

1. Farmer shovels animal /food waste into the slurry and pours water into the bin 2 . Anaerobic digestion occurs in the main bin 3 . Methane is released through the gas outlet 4. Fertiliser is outputted

Answer 9

Increase of nutrients (nitrates and phosphates) in streams, ponds and rivers stimulate the growth of algae There is too much competition for light and many plants die. Any other plants trapped below them can also die due to lack of light Microorganisms feed on the dead and decaying plants They then respire - using up oxygen Fish do not have any oxygen so they die Cycle repeats

Answer 10

Measure of the variety of all different species of organisms on Earth, or within a particular ecosystem

Answer 11

When all people have access to consistent supplies of safe and nutritious food to met their needs for a healthy active life.

Answer 12

New pests and pathogens affecting farming Increasing human population Changing diets in development

Answer 13

This contains mineral ions This increases growth of algae which blocks the sun The plants underneath the algae die due to lack of light for photosynthesis Decomposers multiply rapidly and use up the oxygen through respiration So fish die due to lack of oxygen

Answer 14

Timber for construction Growing plants for biofuel Using wood as a fuel Land for building or agriculture

Answer 15

Increase in CO2 in atmosphere Due to burning Due to activities of microbes Less CO2 taken in by trees Less photosynthesis Increase of methane due to agriculture

Answer 16

High CO2 conc. causes global warming Plants photosynthesize faster due to more CO2 Temperature rise causes changes in rainfall patterns or extreme weather conditions Less rainfall causes many plant species to die out Many animals lack food and die More rainfall causes flooding Loss of animals’ habitat Temp. Rise

Answer 17

Fishing quotas Control of net size to insure young fish mature and breed Feed fish a high protein diet in farms

Answer 18

Advantages: Eco-friendly way to remove pests Can improve biodiversity Disadvantages: Does not completely remove the pest Sometimes the control species does something unexpected and goes out of control

Answer 19

Adv: Fish grow quickly so high yields are produced Obtaining fish from farm helps wild fish stocks to recover Disadv: Disease spreads quickly Harm to local environment High cost Ethics

Answer 20

Examples of Biology points made in the response: factory farming methods e.g.: Kept in cramped conditions / battery hens / calf crates / pig bars / fish tanks • Controlled temperature / heating Controlled feeding / modified food given / growth hormones • Controlled lighting Treated with prophylactic antibiotics Advantages e.g: • Increased efficiency / profit / greater food production / cheaper food / faster growth • Farmer can have more livestock • Less energy is lost through movement • Less energy is used keeping warm * _Food is high in calories / protein) so animals will grow faster / lay more eggs Easier to vaccinate all the animals

Answer 21

Using fermenters The fungus Fusarium is used to make mycoprotein, a protein rich, low fat food. It grows and reproduces rapidly (doubles every 5 hrs) on glucose syrup

Answer 22

Constant oxygen Water jackets to remove heat pH and temperature proves to monitor conditions Stirrers to spread heat, oxygen and syrup evenky

1 Flashcards

(46 cards)