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Question 1

What is the taxonomic rank mnemonic?

Answer 1

Dear king philip came over from greece smiling

Question 2

What are the three domains in which all living things are categorized?

Answer 2

Eukaryote, bacteria, archaea

Question 3

List the six kingdoms in which all living things are classified.

Answer 3

• Bacteria
• Archaebacteria
• Protist
• Fungi
• Plant
• Animals

Question 4

What is binomial nomenclature?

Answer 4

Naming system using genus and species

Question 5

Define phylogeny.

Answer 5

The study of evolutionary relationships

Question 6

What is a cladogram?

Answer 6

A diagram used to show evolutionary relationships

Question 7

What are derived characteristics?

Answer 7

Characteristics that appear in recent parts of lineage but not in older members

Question 8

What is binary fission?

Answer 8

Describes mitosis / asexual reproduction in bacteria

Question 9

What is conjugation in bacteria?

Answer 9

A method of sexual reproduction where one bacteria injects genes into another

Question 10

What are obligate aerobes?

Answer 10

Bacteria that must live in an environment rich in oxygen

Question 11

Give an example of an obligate aerobe.

Answer 11

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 12

What are obligate anaerobes?

Answer 12

Bacteria that live in environments with no oxygen

Question 13

Give an example of an obligate anaerobe.

Answer 13

Clostridium botulinum

Question 14

What are facultative anaerobes?

Answer 14

Bacteria that can survive with or without oxygen

Question 15

Give an example of a facultative anaerobe.

Answer 15

E. coli

Question 16

What are cilia?

Answer 16

Tiny hair-like structures that help bacteria move

Question 17

What are flagella?

Answer 17

Tail-like structures that help bacteria move

Question 18

What are heterotrophs?

Answer 18

Organisms that need energy from an external source

Question 19

What are photoautotrophs?

Answer 19

Organisms that make their own food from photosynthesis

Question 20

What are chemoautotrophs?

Answer 20

Organisms that make their own food using chemicals

Question 21

What is eubacteria?

Answer 21

single-celled organisms devoid of a membrane-bound nucleus

Question 22

What is archaea?

Answer 22

Organisms that live in extreme environments and are no longer classified as bacteria

Question 23

What are the common organelles in both eubacteria and archaea?

Answer 23

• Cell membrane
• DNA floating in cytoplasm
• Ribosomes

Question 24

What is the shape of coccus bacteria?

Answer 24

Sphere shape

Question 25

What is the shape of bacillus bacteria?

Answer 25

Rod shape

Question 26

What is the shape of spirillum bacteria?

Answer 26

Spiral shape

Question 27

What does diplo refer to in bacterial classification?

Answer 27

Pairs

Question 28

What does staphylo refer to in bacterial classification?

Answer 28

Clusters

Question 29

What does strepto refer to in bacterial classification?

Answer 29

Chains

Question 30

Why can bacteria make us sick?

Answer 30

They can produce toxins that damage cells and tissues

Question 31

What does a Gram stain indicate?

Answer 31

The thickness of the peptidoglycan layer in bacterial cell walls

Question 32

What color indicates a Gram-positive bacteria?

Answer 32

Purple

Question 33

What color indicates a Gram-negative bacteria?

Answer 33

Red

Question 34

What are antibiotics?

Answer 34

Substances that kill or stop bacteria from multiplying

Question 35

What is a bacteriophage?

Answer 35

A virus that infects and replicates in bacteria

Question 36

What is a prophage?

Answer 36

Bacteriophage genome integrated into the bacteria host DNA

Question 37

What is the difference between a virus and a retrovirus?

Answer 37

Virus has DNA; retrovirus has RNA

Question 38

What is the first line of defense in the immune system?

Answer 38

Macrophages, neutrophils, complement proteins

Question 39

What do macrophages do?

Answer 39

Kill bacteria

Question 40

What happens to neutrophils when they die?

Answer 40

They become pus

Question 41

What is the second line of defense in the immune system?

Answer 41

Activation of specific helper T cells

Question 42

What do B cells do?

Answer 42

Pump out antibodies

Question 43

What is the purpose of vaccines?

Answer 43

To prepare the body's immune response

Question 44

What are live attenuated vaccines?

Answer 44

Live pathogens that are weakened

Question 45

What are inactive vaccines?

Answer 45

Dead pathogens

Question 46

What are subunit vaccines?

Answer 46

Vaccines containing one part of the pathogen (antigen)

Question 47

What are DNA vaccines?

Answer 47

Vaccines that isolate genes to trigger an immune response

Question 48

What do mRNA vaccines contain?

Answer 48

Messenger RNA to instruct the body to make antibodies and antigens

Question 49

True or False: Antibiotics kill viruses.

Answer 49

False