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#1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are transport units?

A

Transport units are trailers, semi-trailers, swap-bodies, and containers

Transport units must be standardized for compatibility with different trailers, wagons, barges, and vessels.

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2
Q

What is unimodal transport?

A

Transport within one mode of transport

Examples include only using trucks or only using trains.

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3
Q

Define bimodal transport.

A

Transport using two modes of transport within one chain

This involves a combination of transport modes for a single shipment.

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4
Q

What is hybrid transport?

A

Concept allowing permanent choice for the best mode of transport for a certain flow

It provides flexibility in selecting transport modes.

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5
Q

Define multimodal transport.

A

Freight transport using successively two or more different modes of transport within one chain

This includes handling between different transport modes.

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6
Q

What is intermodal transport?

A

Multimodal transport where the product does not change its transport unit

The same container may be used across different transportation modes.

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7
Q

Define combined transport.

A

Intermodal transport by rail including pre- and post-haulage executed by hauliers

It typically involves road transport for the initial and final legs.

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8
Q

What is co-modal transport?

A

Efficient use of various modes of transport or a combination of those

It emphasizes optimizing the use of available transport modes.

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9
Q

What are some examples of modes of transport?

A
  • Railways: wagon
  • Aviation: airplane
  • Inland navigation: barge
  • Road transport: truck
  • Shortsea: sea vessel
  • Deepsea: sea vessel
  • Pipeline: pipeline

These modes correspond to different types of transport units.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: ________ transport is defined as transport within one mode of transport.

A

Unimodal transport

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: ________ transport involves the use of two modes of transport within one chain.

A

Bimodal transport

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12
Q

True or False: Hybrid transport allows for a permanent choice of the best mode of transport.

A

True

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13
Q

True or False: In intermodal transport, products must change their transport unit.

A

False

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

What is standardisation?

A

How can we bring uniformity in products, resources and services within a company or a group of companies?

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16
Q

What is normalisation?

A

Within mutual consultation of every party involved draw up rules for the quality of the products and services.

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17
Q

What are the objectives of normalisation?

A

Process within parties make appointments about technical specs of a product, service or process, with efficiency and or quality improvement as a main objective.

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18
Q

Give an example of standardized items.

A
  • Fuel
  • Credit cards
  • Bankers cards
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19
Q

Give an example of non-standardized items.

A
  • Plugs
  • Vacuum cleaner bags
  • Ink-cartridges
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20
Q

Is 230V standardized in the EU?

A

Yes

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21
Q

What type of plug is used in Oman/UK?

A

UK plug

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22
Q

What type of plug is used in Poland?

A

16A CEE-plug earthed

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23
Q

What type of plug is used in the Netherlands?

A

6A EURO plug not earthed

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: The necessity to use _______ is important for consistency.

A

[standardisation or normalisation]

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25
What is one benefit of standardisation/normalisation?
Reduces trade barriers ## Footnote Standardisation helps in creating a common ground for trade, making it easier for businesses to operate across borders.
26
How does standardisation improve communication?
By allowing both principal and laboratory to speak the same language ## Footnote This facilitates better understanding and collaboration between different parties involved in a process.
27
What is a key advantage of sharing knowledge about processes in standardisation?
Improves efficiency ## Footnote Knowledge sharing can lead to better practices and innovations that enhance productivity.
28
How does normalisation affect product quality?
Improves the quality of a product and allows for comparison of measuring results ## Footnote Standardised measures ensure consistency in quality, making it easier to evaluate products.
29
Can normalisation be included in contracts?
Yes, normalisation can be a part of a contract ## Footnote This ensures that all parties adhere to agreed standards.
30
What role can governments play in normalisation?
Governments can prescribe certain normalisation within their legislation ## Footnote This may involve mandatory standards for safety, quality, or environmental impact.
31
What does NEN stand for?
Nederlands Normalisatie Institut ## Footnote This is the Dutch Normalisation Institute responsible for standardisation in the Netherlands.
32
What is the German equivalent of NEN?
DIN ## Footnote DIN stands for Deutsches Institut für Normung, which sets standards in Germany.
33
What does DGSM stand for?
Directorate General for Specifications and Measurements ## Footnote DGSM is involved in the standardisation process in Oman.
34
What is the full form of ISO?
International Organisation for Standardisation ## Footnote ISO develops and publishes international standards.
35
What is the European body responsible for standardisation?
CEN (European Committee for Standardization) ## Footnote CEN works to create a unified standard across Europe.
36
What does NEN/DIN stand for?
National normalisation ## Footnote NEN and DIN are responsible for national standardization in their respective countries.
37
What is the role of NEN/DIN?
Responsible for national normalisation and accompanies third parties in making agreements ## Footnote They help clarify and apply agreements regarding products and operating procedures.
38
What is the function of CEN?
CEN: European Normalisation ## Footnote CEN is based in Brussels and develops norms or adopts them from ISO.
39
What is the relationship between CEN and ISO?
CEN can develop its own norms (EN or CE-norms) or adopt EN-ISO-norms from ISO ## Footnote The development process is similar to that of ISO.
40
What is required of EU member states regarding EN-norms?
EU memberships are obliged to accept the EN-norms on a national level ## Footnote This is referred to as NEN-EN or DIN-EN.
41
What happens in case of a discrepancy between EN-norms and national standards?
The EN-norm will prevail ## Footnote This ensures uniformity across EU member states.
42
What happens when EN-norms are prescribed in EU rules?
They become national documents ## Footnote This transition ensures that EN-norms are enforced at a national level.
43
What does DGSM stand for?
Directorate General for Specifications and Measurements ## Footnote It is involved in setting specifications and measurements standards.
44
What does DGSM stand for?
Directorate General for Specifications and Measurements
45
Where is DGSM located?
Muscat
46
What can DGSM do regarding norms?
Develop their own norms or adopt them from ISO
47
How can DGSM develop norms?
In the same way as ISO
48
What is ISO?
International Organization for Standardization
49
Where is ISO headquartered?
Genève
50
What is the role of a representative country in ISO?
Input for an ISO-norm always goes via a representative country
51
How are norms developed within ISO?
By voting
52
How often do ISO working groups meet?
Once a year
53
What methods are used for communication between ISO working groups?
Email and internet
54
Fill in the blank: DGSM is part of the _______.
Ministry of Commerce and Industry
55
True or False: Every country has a representative institute as a member of ISO.
True
56
When were the first containers used?
During the II-world war ## Footnote The first containers were utilized by the allies.
57
What are the standard sizes of containers?
10ft, 20ft, 40ft ## Footnote These sizes are based on USA-pallet dimensions.
58
What is the width difference of palletwide containers compared to standard containers?
8cm wider ## Footnote This allows for more efficient loading.
59
What is the current maximum length of containers allowed in Europe?
45ft ## Footnote This is a significant modification accepted on the European continent.
60
What is the reason ISO will remain the standard for containers?
Overseas transport of certain sizes is not possible ## Footnote There are 228 million containers of 20ft and 40ft globally.
61
What is the standard size of a 40ft container in the EU?
12.02 m x 2.34 m ## Footnote There is a 10cm difference compared to the USA standard.
62
What is the standard size of a 40ft palletwide container in the EU?
12.10 m x 2.44 m ## Footnote This allows for 3 extra pallets.
63
What is the standard size of a 45ft palletwide container?
13.55 m x 2.44 m ## Footnote This accommodates 25 pallets.
64
How many pallets can be loaded in a standard 40ft container?
21 pallets ## Footnote This is based on the USA standard size.
65
What do you mean by standardization?
______ ## Footnote Standardization refers to the process of establishing and applying norms and standards.
66

Transport Managment (1 decks)

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