1 Flashcards
(185 cards)
1
Q
Etiology:
A
2
Q
Etiology & Risk Faćtočs
A
3
Q
Major Affective Disorders
A
4
Q
• Biological
A
5
Q
•Psychological
A
6
Q
• Social/Environmental
A
7
Q
Risk Factors:
A
8
Q
•Family history ot depression
A
9
Q
•Previous depressive episodes
A
10
Q
•Chronic medical illness
A
11
Q
•Substance use disorders
A
12
Q
•Low socioeconomic status
A
13
Q
Female gender
A
14
Q
Etiology & Risk
A
15
Q
Etiology:
A
16
Q
• Biological
A
17
Q
• Neurochemical
A
18
Q
• Environmental
A
19
Q
Rİsk Factors:
A
20
Q
Family history of bipolar
A
21
Q
mood disorders
A
22
Q
substance use
A
high-
23
Q
stress lifestyle
A
24
Q
Etiology & RİsK Factors
A
25
similar to Bipolar
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genetics
neurochemical
27
imbalances
environmental
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triggers
29
Higher incidence in people
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with family history of mood
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disorders
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Often misdiagnosed as
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unipolar depression
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Major Depressive Disorder (MDD
35
Etiology & Risk Factgfs!
36
Etiology:
37
• Genetic predispósition (oftei
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in relatives with bipolar
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disorder)
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• Neurobiological dysregulation
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• Onset usually in adolescence
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or early adulthood
43
Risk factorS:
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chronic stress
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trauma
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• family history
47
Etiology & Risk Factors
48
• Genetic Vulnerábiites
49
• Neurotransmitter
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imbalances (especially
51
serotonin)
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substance abuse
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Early life stress
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chronic illness
55
•Family history
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depression
personality
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disorders
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Signs & Symptoms
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of
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•Persistent low mood or sadness
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•Loss ot interest or pleasure in activities
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(anhedonia)
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•Fatigue or loss of energy
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-Sleep disturbances (insomnia or
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hypersomnia)
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•Appetite or weight changes
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-Feelings of worthlessness or exCessive
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guilt
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•Cognitive impairment
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•Psychomotor agitation or retardation
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•Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
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Bipolar I Disorder
73
Signs & Symptoms
74
Mantc Episode:
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Elevated or irritable mood
76
Intlated sell-esteem/grandiosity
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Decreased need for sieep
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Pressured speech
flight ot ideas
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Risky behavior
80
•Depressive
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(optional but common):
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Sadness
fatigue
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thoughts
etc.
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Signs & Symptoms
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Episode
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Bipolar l Disorder
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suicidal
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• Hypoimania: Elevated or
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irritable mood
increased
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energy-but not severe
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enough to impair function
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or need hospitalization
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• Major Depression: Same as
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in MDD (more_ prominent
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and disabling than the
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hypomania)
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Signs & Symptoms
98
Cyclothymic Disorder
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• Chronic
fiuctuating mood
100
Swings between Hypomanic
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symptoms and Depressive
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symptoms
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Symptoms are less severe
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than tul episodes of bipolar
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disorder
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May include irritability
107
restlessness
and poor
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impulse control
109
Signs & Symptoms
110
• Chronic loW mood
most
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days for at least 2 years
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• Low energy
self-esteem
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and concentration
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• Hopelessness
irritability
115
Diagnostic Criteria (DSM-5)
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• Symptoms less Severe
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than MDD but longer-
118
lasting
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Symptoms Must be present
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during the same 2-week
121
period
at least one imust be
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either () depressed mo0d or
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(2) loss of interest or pleasure
124
Treatment and Management
125
• Pharmacological Treatments
126
Psychotherapy
127
Healthy Litestyle
128
Diagnostic Criteria (DSM-5)
129
At least one manic episode lasting at
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least 1 Week (or requiring
131
hospitalization)
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• Mood disturbance must cause
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significant impairment
134
May be preceded or followed by
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bypomanic or depressive enisodes
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Treatment and Management
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• Mood Stabilizers
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Atypical Antipsychotics
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• Psychotherapy
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Hospitalization may be needed durin
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severe manic episodes
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•Avoid antidepressants alone
143
Diagnostic Criterla (DSM-5)
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At least one hypomanic episode
145
and one major depresstve episode
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• No history of full manic episodes
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. Symptoms cause significant
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distress or impalrment
especlally
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depressive phase
150
Treatment and Management
151
Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
152
• Mood Stabilizers
153
• Atypical Antipsychotics
154
Antidepressants with mood stabilizers
155
Psychotherapy and regular monitoring
156
Diagnostic criteria (DSM-5)
157
• At least 2 years (1 year in
158
children/adolescents) of numerous
159
periods of:
160
• Hypomanic symptoms (not meeting full
161
criteria)
162
• Depressive symptoms (not meeting full
163
MDD criteria)
164
• Symptom-free periods no longer than 2
165
months
166
Treatment and Management
167
• Mood stabilizers
168
Psychotherapy
169
Monitor closely for possible
170
progression to Bipolar /il
171
Lifestyle stability
172
Diagnostic criteria (DSM-5)
173
• Depressed mood tor 2- years (l- year in youth
174
At least twO of the following:
175
. Poor appetite or overeating
176
• LoW self-esteem
177
ISomnia
178
• Poor concentration/indecisiveness
179
•Feelings of hopelessness
180
• Never without symptoms for more than 2 months at a
181
Treatinent and Management
182
• Antidepressants
183
CBT
184
• Healthy Litestyle
185
• Combination therapy and medication
