Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

immune system > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

(74 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

IMMUNE SYSTEM CELLS

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the main cells involved in the innate immune system?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

➤ Neutrophils

A

macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which cells are involved in the specific immune response?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

➤ B-cells and T-cells (Helper T-cells and Cytotoxic T-cells).

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the role of neutrophils and macrophages?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

➤ They engulf and destroy pathogens via phagocytosis; macrophages also present antigens to activate T-cells.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ACTIVE vs PASSIVE IMMUNITY

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is active immunity? Give two examples.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

➤ Immunity produced when the body makes its own antibodies after exposure to an antigen.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Examples: Infection (e.g. chickenpox)

A

vaccination.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is passive immunity? Give two examples.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

➤ Immunity from the transfer of ready-made antibodies.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Examples: Breast milk

A

anti-venom injection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ANTIBODIES

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which cells produce antibodies?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

➤ Plasma cells (which are activated B-cells).

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Briefly describe how antibodies are produced.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
➤ An antigen binds to a B-cell receptor → the B-cell is activated (with help from Helper T-cells) → it clones and differentiates into plasma cells → plasma cells secrete antibodies specific to that antigen.
26
27
What do antibodies do once produced?
28
➤ They bind to antigens to neutralize pathogens
mark them for destruction (opsonization)
29
30
VACCINES
31
What is a vaccine?
32
➤ A preparation containing antigens (dead
weakened
33
34
How does a vaccine help prevent disease?
35
➤ It triggers the production of memory B and T cells
which can respond quickly and strongly if the real pathogen enters the body.
36
37
What are memory cells and what is their function?
38
➤ Long-lived B and T cells that remain in the body after an initial infection or vaccination and enable a faster
stronger immune response upon re-exposure.
39
40
What is the difference between a live attenuated vaccine and a killed/inactivated vaccine?
41
➤ Live attenuated vaccine: contains a weakened form of the pathogen; triggers a strong
long-lasting immune response.
42
➤ Killed/inactivated vaccine: contains pathogens that are dead or inactive; safer but may need booster doses.
43
44
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
45
What is an autoimmune disease?
46
➤ A condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own healthy cells
thinking they are foreign.
47
48
Give 2–3 examples of autoimmune disorders.
49
➤ Multiple sclerosis
rheumatoid arthritis
50
51
What causes autoimmune diseases (based on current understanding)?
52
➤ Causes are not fully known but involve genetics
environmental triggers
53
54
IMMUNE RESPONSE
55
What is the primary immune response?
56
➤ The first response to a new antigen; slower and produces fewer antibodies as the body takes time to recognize and respond.
57
58
What is the secondary immune response? Why is it faster?
59
➤ A faster and stronger response due to the presence of memory cells that were produced after the first exposure.
60
61
Describe the inflammatory response — what triggers it and what happens?
62
➤ Triggered by histamine released from mast cells → blood vessels dilate and become leaky → fluid and white blood cells move into tissue → causes redness
heat
63
64
IMMUNE THERAPIES
65
What is passive immunotherapy and how is it used in autoimmune diseases or cancer?
66
➤ The use of lab-made antibodies as drugs to target specific antigens.
67
Examples:
68
69
Anti-TNF antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis
70
71
Herceptin (anti-HER2) in breast cancer.
72
73
What is CAR-T cell therapy and how does it work?
74
➤ A type of immunotherapy where a patient’s own T-cells are genetically modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that recognize cancer cells
then reinfused to kill those cells. Used in some blood cancers like myeloma.

immune system (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions