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Question 1

What is IaaS?

Answer 1

Infrastructure as a Service – You manage OS and apps, Azure manages hardware.

Example: Azure Virtual Machines

Question 2

What is PaaS?

Answer 2

Platform as a Service – You manage the app, Azure handles OS and infrastructure.

Example: Azure App Service

Question 3

What is SaaS?

Answer 3

Software as a Service – Fully managed by provider.

Example: Microsoft 365

Question 4

CapEx vs OpEx

Answer 4

CapEx = upfront hardware cost, OpEx = cloud pay-as-you-go billing

Question 5

Benefits of cloud computing

Answer 5

Scalability, Elasticity, Agility, Fault Tolerance, High Availability, Geo-distribution

Question 6

What is Azure Virtual Machines?

Answer 6

IaaS – Fully controlled, customizable virtual server. No physical hardware needed.

Question 7

What is Azure App Service?

Answer 7

PaaS – Host websites and APIs. Built-in autoscaling, SSL, custom domains.

Question 8

What are Azure Functions?

Answer 8

Serverless – Event-based code execution. No server to manage. Pay-per-execution.

Question 9

What are Azure Container Instances?

Answer 9

Deploy containers without managing servers.

Question 10

What is Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS)?

Answer 10

Manages containers using Kubernetes for scalability and orchestration.

Question 11

What is Azure Blob Storage?

Answer 11

Object storage for unstructured data (videos, images, backups).

Question 12

What is Azure Disk Storage?

Answer 12

Block storage used for Azure VMs (virtual hard drives).

Question 13

What is Azure File Storage?

Answer 13

Shared file system with SMB protocol (cloud file server).

Question 14

What are the storage tiers?

Answer 14

Hot: frequent | Cool: infrequent | Archive: rarely accessed (cheap).

Question 15

What is Azure SQL Database?

Answer 15

PaaS relational database – fully managed SQL Server in the cloud.

Question 16

What is Azure Cosmos DB?

Answer 16

NoSQL DB – globally distributed with low latency.

Question 17

What are Azure Database for MySQL/PostgreSQL?

Answer 17

Managed open-source relational databases.

Question 18

What is a Virtual Network (VNet)?

Answer 18

Private network in Azure to securely host resources.

Question 19

What is a Subnet?

Answer 19

Smaller segment within a VNet for organization.

Question 20

What is a Network Security Group (NSG)?

Answer 20

Filters traffic to/from resources. Acts like a firewall.

Question 21

What is a VPN Gateway?

Answer 21

Secure connection between on-premises and Azure.

Question 22

What is ExpressRoute?

Answer 22

Dedicated private connection between on-prem and Azure.

Question 23

What is Azure Load Balancer?

Answer 23

Distributes traffic across multiple resources for availability.

Question 24

What is Azure DNS?

Answer 24

Hosts and manages domain names in Azure.

Question 25

What is Azure Active Directory (AAD)?

Answer 25

Identity and access management for users and apps. Supports SSO and MFA.

Question 26

What is Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)?

Answer 26

Manages permissions on resources (Reader, Contributor, Owner).

Question 27

What is Azure Policy?

Answer 27

Enforces rules on resources (e.g., allowed regions or VM sizes).

Question 28

What is an Azure Initiative?

Answer 28

Collection of policies applied together.

Question 29

What is a Resource Group?

Answer 29

Container for related resources with shared lifecycle.

Question 30

What is a Management Group?

Answer 30

Organizes multiple subscriptions under one governance structure.

Question 31

What are Locks?

Answer 31

Prevents deletion or modification of critical resources.

Question 32

What is Azure Monitor?

Answer 32

Monitors performance and availability of resources.

Question 33

What is Log Analytics?

Answer 33

Analyzes logs using Kusto Query Language (KQL).

Question 34

What is Azure Advisor?

Answer 34

Provides recommendations for cost, performance, reliability, and security.

Question 35

What is Azure Resource Manager (ARM)?

Answer 35

Deployment and management service for Azure resources.

Question 36

What are ARM Templates?

Answer 36

JSON files defining resource deployment and configuration.

Question 37

What is the Pricing Calculator?

Answer 37

Tool to estimate Azure service costs.

Question 38

What is the TCO Calculator?

Answer 38

Compare total cost of ownership (on-prem vs Azure).

Question 39

What is Cost Management?

Answer 39

Monitor, budget, and forecast Azure spending.

Question 40

What factors affect Azure pricing?

Answer 40

Resource type, usage, region, licensing, bandwidth.

Question 41

What is a Service Level Agreement (SLA)?

Answer 41

Microsoft's uptime guarantee. ## Footnote Example: 99.99% for VMs in Availability Zones.

Question 42

What are the support plans?

Answer 42

Basic (Free), Developer, Standard, Pro Direct.

Question 43

What is the Shared Responsibility Model?

Answer 43

Azure secures the cloud; customers secure data, endpoints, identities.

Question 44

What is DDoS Protection?

Answer 44

Protects against large-scale network attacks.

Question 45

What is Azure Firewall?

Answer 45

Stateful firewall with built-in high availability.

Question 46

What is Azure Sentinel?

Answer 46

SIEM tool to detect and respond to threats.

Question 47

What is Microsoft Defender for Cloud?

Answer 47

Posture management + threat protection across services.

Question 48

What is the Trust Center?

Answer 48

Public Microsoft site for security, privacy, compliance info.

Question 49

What is the Service Trust Portal?

Answer 49

Access to compliance reports and audit results (login required).

Question 50

What are Compliance Offerings?

Answer 50

Azure follows ISO, GDPR, SOC, and other global standards.

Question 51

What is Azure Marketplace?

Answer 51

Deploy third-party apps and solutions from trusted vendors.

Question 52

What are Azure Blueprints?

Answer 52

Package of templates, policies, RBAC for compliant environments.

Question 53

What is Azure Arc?

Answer 53

Manage non-Azure/on-prem resources using Azure tools.

Question 54

What are Availability Zones?

Answer 54

Separate datacenters in a region. Improve fault tolerance and uptime.

Question 55

What is the difference between Regions and Availability Zones?

Answer 55

Region = geographic area | AZ = physical location inside region.