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RM > 1-2 Demography > Flashcards

1-2 Demography Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

What does demography concern 3

A

Size
Location
Composition

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2
Q

What are key rates in demography

A

Births
Deaths
Migration

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3
Q

Key issues in demography 4/7

A

Low fertility
High fertility /resource comp
Social fragmentation
Rapid growth

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4
Q

Key issues in demography last 3/7

A

Migration
High mortality in developing world
Balance of ownership of resources

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5
Q

Low fertility affects

A 
Less children born to older parents 
Affects inter generational relationships
Attitude to debt 
Attitude to resource use 
Cause Aging pops
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6
Q

What is social fragmentation

A

Trend to smaller households
Less stable in composition
More frequent migration both local and international

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7
Q

Developing countries have high mortality due to (5)

A 
Malaria 
Tub scoliosis
AIDS
Malnutrition
Conflict due to resource scarcity
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8
Q

What does balance of ownership of resources mean

A

Population as the basis for a vote for resource use and distribution of intellectual property across populations

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9
Q

Last 250 years general

A

Mortality lower

  • Decline in infectious disease
  • Better nutrition

Fertility lower
-decline over last century and sharp gal over last gen due to contraception

Migration higher

  • Huge increase in international movement since 1800
  • Urbanisation and internal movement
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10
Q

Increase in pop from 1800-1900 why? Disease and agriculture specify

A

Sewers (typhoid)
Milk + housing (tuberculosis)
Inoculation (smallpox)

Agriculture then to tackle malnutrition 
Crops
Enclosures
Transport
More cultivated land
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11
Q

When was peak growth rate reached in Europe

A

1820

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12
Q

What is enviro qual related to 3

A

Numbers and movement of people
Level and consumption type
Willingness to pay for enviro and ability (depends on demographics)

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13
Q

Eu natural r

A

0.0003

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14
Q

After 1880 what happened in Britain

A

Birth rates declined
Britain was 1 of first countries to have relatively stable age structure in the new low birth/low death rate stage of population

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15
Q

Why was there did in size between age cohorts?

A

2 world wars
And baby boom of 50s/60s
Short period of high growth r= 0.018

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16
Q

What happened in 1967-77

A

Decline of fertility due to pill

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17
Q

Natural r =

Crude r =

A

Birth rate - death rate

Birth rate - death rate + net migration

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18
Q

When has next highest fertility in U.K. Been since baby boom?

A

2008 at 1.96

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19
Q

What is fertility rate like in span Italy and Germany

A

It is 1.4

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20
Q

What has been a result of social change not adapting as quickly as demographic change?

A

Migration and conflict
In some case death rate has even become worse as technology not sustainable and ineffective malaria control and rise of drug resistant tuberculosis

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21
Q

Fertility projections

A

Should decrease for both developed and developing by 2100 aiming for replacement

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22
Q

World pop estimate now and 2050

Study These Flashcards
A

7.4 billion
9.6 billion
UN estimates

23
Q

Current global fertility rate

Study These Flashcards
A

2.5 and expected to continue falling

24
Q 
Brazil demographics 
Pop
Birth
Fertility 
Death
Study These Flashcards
A

Will still grow In2030 to 223 million
But birth and fertilité decreasing
Death rate increasing
Leading to deceleration in population growth

25
What is demographic transition
Transition from high birth and death to low bury and death rates as country moves from pre industrial to industrial
26
In demographic transition model what stages are developed / developing countries in
``` Developed = 3/4 Developing = 2/3 ```
27
Demographic transition of developing countries?
Rapid decline in death rates Slower decline in birth rates 2-3 gen of social adaptation
28
Demographic transition in Britain/developed countries?
Slow decline in death rate Slow decline in birth rate 5-7 gen social adaptations
29
Where are populations aging and what does this affect
Europe N America Japan
30
By 2020 how many will voters will be over 50
Half
31
A third of babies born will leave till when estimated by who?
To 100 | The ONs
32
Wil aging pop be problem for Britain straight away
No Short term increases in birth Baby boom
33
Germany aging pop birth rate | What does this mean for uk
660 000 births in 2012 lowest since records began | Means britain may get economic edge
34
What effects life expectancy and examples
Socio economics Kensington 86 for f Blackpool 79.9 for f
35
Older mother in uk?
Mean age has increased to 39.2 in 2014
36
Ageing population effect big where?
Japan | Hong Kong
37
Dependency ratio equation
Age 15-64 / 65+
38
Living arrangements
Separation Marriage AV 11 years Elderly women left as life expectancy higher than husbands Affects space Urbanisation = unmanaged rural areas left behind
39
Pensions | Time spent retired
U.K. And US high Mainland Europe low Despite more time spent in retirement 34% in 2010 but was 20 in 1970
40
Social fragmentation
Ingle person household Size decreasing Number increasing
41
Urbanisation facts
54% pop urban 95% of pop growth from 95 to 2030 will be in cities In 2015 34 cities over 10 million
42
In Britain is there urbanisation?
Actually net migration OUT 90,000 a year Sw England and Edinburgh
43
Result of migration for incoming areas
``` Water Energy Transport Schools Employment Social change Weather/climate ```
44
Result of migration for areas being left (outgoing)
Rural depop | Unsustainable economies
45
Problems for outgoing and incoming areas as result of migration
Political apportionment of representation and spending
46
U.K. Immigration facts
2015 bet immigration was 336000 636000 in 300 000 our Migrants age structure Is skewed- mostly 20-35 years
47
Prediction of growth related to migration
45 % of growth in 2030 due to net immigration children under -6 wil increase Life expectancy to rise
48
Enviro consequences of pop size and structure 6
``` Consumption Distribution of people Innovation Change Age group links Social diversity ```
49
Botswana and Zimbabwe life expectancy
Less than 45 years
50
Pop control options for rising pop 3
Lower birth rate Delay fertility Migration
51
Pop control for declining pops | 2
Induce higher birth rates | Immigration
52
What does delaying fertility do
Increases gen time | Social change women employed
53
What does lowering fertility do
Longer gen times Affects age cohort balance Dependency changed More effect than delaying

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