1-25 Flashcards
(25 cards)
1
Q
Phoneme
A
- Smallest linguistic unit
- May bring about change of meaning
- e.g. /k/
2
Q
IPA
A
- International Phonetic Alphabet
- System of phonetic notation
- Based on latin alphabet
3
Q
Monophthong
A
- ‘Pure’ vowel sound
- articulation of tongue is fixed
- e.g. ‘ee’ in ‘teeth’
4
Q
Diphthong
A
- ‘Gliding’ vowel sound
- two adjacent vowel sounds in one syllable
- e.g. ‘air’ in ‘lair’
5
Q
Triphthong
A
- Three vowel sounds in one syllable
- e.g. ‘ower’ in ‘shower’
6
Q
Pitch
A
- relative highness/lowness of tone
- high/low-pitched voice
7
Q
Stress/emphasis
A
- specific stress of voice laid on particular words or syllables
8
Q
Intonation
A
- rise and fall of the voice or tone
- Important in languages like Chinese
9
Q
HRT
A
- High Rising Terminal
- declarative sentences end with a rising intonation
10
Q
Assimilation
A
- Phonological process where a phoneme is pronounced as a similar phoneme
- e.g. ‘hambag’ instead of ‘handbag’
11
Q
Reduction
A
- Lost sounds of words
- Umbrella for: contractions, ellisions
- e.g. ‘gonna’ instead of ‘going to’
12
Q
Insertion
A
- Addition of one or more sounds to a word
- Also called ‘Epenthesis’
- e.g. ‘drawring’ instead of ‘drawing’
13
Q
Lexical Ambiguity
A
- The presence of two or more meanings of a word
- e.g. ‘fine’: penalty or well/good
14
Q
Structural Ambiguity
A
- A sentence may be interpreted differently due to ambiguous sentence structure
- e.g. ‘I played with the baby in a green shirt’: who was wearing the green shirt?
15
Q
Morpheme
A
- Smallest meaningful unit of a language
- e.g. ‘-s’ and ‘cat’ in ‘cats’
16
Q
Affix
A
- A morpheme attached to a stem to change its meaning or make a new word
- Umbrella for: suffix and prefix
17
Q
Suffix
A
- Affix placed after the stem
- e.g. ‘-ness’, ‘-able’
18
Q
Prefix
A
- Affix placed before the stem
- e.g. ‘un-‘, ‘co-‘
19
Q
Free morpheme
A
- a morpheme that can stand alone
- e.g. ‘cat’, ‘dog’
20
Q
Bound morpheme
A
- a morpheme that must be connected to a stem to have meaning
- e.g. ‘-s’, ‘un-‘
21
Q
Word Stem/root
A
- morpheme that holds the core semantics of the lexeme
- e.g. ‘sing’ in ‘singing’
22
Q
Derivational Morpheme
A
- A morpheme that changes the grammatical category of the lexeme
- e.g. nation (n.) > national (adj)
23
Q
Inflectional morpheme
A
- A morpheme added to accommodate grammatical context
- Changes in terms of tense, number, person etc
- e.g. ‘-ed’, ‘-‘s’
24
Q
Open Class Words
A
- New words can easily be added to the class
- e.g. Nouns, Verbs
25
Closed Class Words
- New words are barely added to the class
- Mostly used in grammar, thus barely changed
- e.g. auxiliaries, conjunctions
