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Introduction to IT > 1 > Flashcards

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1
Q

Where can you find computers?

A

žComputers are everywhere

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2
Q

What is computer literacy?

A

žIf you are computer literate, you have knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses

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3
Q

žAn electronic machine, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory
›accepts data
›manipulates the data according to specified rules
›produces results
›stores the results for future use

A

What is a computer?

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4
Q

Data

A

Collection of raw unprocessed facts, figures, and symbols

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5
Q

Information

A

Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful

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6
Q

Who is a user?

A

žSomeone that communicates with a computer
žSomeone who uses the information it generates

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7
Q

Hardware

A

The electric, electronic, and mechanical equipment that makes up a computer

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8
Q

Software

A

The series of instructions that tells the hardware how to perform tasks

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9
Q

What is the information processing
cycle?

A
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10
Q

What are common computer hardware components?

A
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11
Q

What is an input device?

A

žAny hardware component that allows a user to enter data and instructions into a computer

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12
Q

What is an output device?

A

žAny hardware component that can convey information to a user

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13
Q

What is the system unit ?

A

žSometimes called a chassis
žA box-like case made from metal or plastic that protects the internal electronic components of the computer from damage
žCircuitry in the system unit usually is part of or is connected to a circuit board called the motherboard

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14
Q

What are two main components on the motherboard?

A

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Memory

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15
Q
  • Also called a processor
  • Electronic device that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer
A

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

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16
Q

•Temporary holding place for data and instructions

A

Memory

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17
Q

What is a chip?

A

žAn electronic device that contains many microscopic pathways that carry electrical currents

°Usually no bigger than one-half inch square
°Packaged so it can be attached to a motherboard

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18
Q

What are internal components and external devices?

A

Internal Component- Resides inside the system unit

External Device- Also called a peripheral

Attaches to the system unit

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19
Q

What is storage?

A

Holds data, instructions, and information for future use

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20
Q

Storage Medium

A

•Physical material on which a computer keeps the data, instructions and information

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21
Q

Storage Device

A
  • Records and retrieves items to and from a storage medium
  • Devices often function as source of input because they transfer items from storage into memory
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22
Q

What are common storage devices or drives?

A
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23
Q

What is a floppy disk?

A

žA thin, circular, flexible disk enclosed in a plastic shell
žInsert and remove a floppy disk into and from a floppy disk drive
žA Zip® disk is a higher capacity disk

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24
Q

What is a hard disk?

A

žConsists of several circular platters that store items electronically
žDisks are enclosed in an airtight, sealed case, which often is housed inside the system unit
žProvides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk
žSome hard disks are removable

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25
What is a compact disc?
žA flat, round portable medium that stores data using microscopic pits, which are created by a laser light ›CD-ROM ›CD-RW –rewriteable CD ›DVD-ROM – tremendous storage capacities
26
What is miniature storage media?
žUsed in devices such as digital cameras žOne popular type is called a card
27
What is a communications device?
žEnables computer users to communicate and to exchange items such as data, instructions, and information with another computer žAllows you to establish a connection between two computers and transmit items over transmission media, such as cables, telephone lines, or satellites °One type is a modem
28
What characteristics make a computer powerful?
Storage Accuracy Reliability Speed Communications
29
Enormous amounts of data can be stored and made available for processing anytime it is needed
Storage
30
If data is entered correctly and program works properly, the results are error-free — garbage in, garbage out (GIGO) accuracy of output depends on accuracy of input
Accuracy
31
Dependable because components have a low failure rate so they produce consistent results
Reliability
32
Billions of operations can be carried out in a single second
Speed
33
Two connected computers can share stored data, instructions, and information
Communications
34
What is a network?
žTwo or more computers connected together via communications media and devices žThe most widely known network is the Internet
35
žMicrosoft’s chief software architect žCo-founded Microsoft in 1975 žRegarded as the most powerful person in the computer industry žConsistently anticipates technological developments and customer needs
Bill Gates
36
What is a computer program?
žA series of instructions that tells the hardware of a computer what to do
37
What is software installation?
žInstall means part or all of the instructions are copied from the purchased media onto the computer's hard disk before the program can be used
38
žPrograms that control the operations of the computer and its devices
What is system software?
39
What is user interface?
žDetermines how you interact with software žUsed to control how you enter data and instructions žUsed to control how information displays on the screen
40
What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?
žAllows you to interact with the software using visual images such as icons °An icon is a small image that represents a program, an instruction, or some other object
41
What is application software?
žPrograms that perform specific tasks for users
42
What is packaged software?
žCopyrighted retail software that meets the needs of a wide variety of users žPurchase from stores or companies on the Internet
43
What is custom software?
žWritten by a programmer žTailor-made program developed at a user’s request to perform specific functions
44
Who designs and writes software?
žComputer programmer (or programmer) ›Writes software programs žSystems Analyst ›Designs a program, working with both the user and the programmer to determine the desired output of the program
45
How are programs written?
žProgrammers use a programming language to write computer programs
46
žCollection of computers and devices connected together via communications devices and media žWhen your computer connects to a network you are online
What is a network?
47
What are the reasons to network?
48
What is a local area network (LAN)?
žA network that connects computers in a limited geographic area such as a school computer laboratory, office or group of buildings
49
What is a wide area network (WAN)?
žA network that covers a large geographical area, such as one that connects offices across the country
50
žA worldwide collection of networks that links together millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
What is the Internet?
51
Why do users access the Internet?
°E-mail °Information °Shopping °Meeting people °Entertainment
52
žBillions of documents, called Web pages, that are linked together on computers throughout the world
World Wide Web (WWW)
53
What are the categories of computers?
54
What are the two most popular series of personal computers?
55
Gateway
°One of the world’s leading technology manufacturers °Manufactures built-to-order PCs °Consumers from around the world order more than 11,000 custom systems daily
56
What are some desktop computer variations?
žTower model ›Tall and narrow system unit that can sit on the floor vertically
57
What are some desktop computer variations?
žWorkstation ›More expensive and powerful desktop designed for work that requires intense calculations and graphics capabilities žStand-alone ›Can perform the information processing cycle operations without being connected to a network
58
žAlso called a palmtop computer žSmall computer that fits in your hand
handheld computer
59
What is a mid-range server?
žMore powerful and larger than a workstation computer žSupports up to 4,000 users žOften connected via a personal computer or terminal žOnce known as a minicomputer
60
What is a terminal?
Device with a monitor and keyboard used to access a server Sometimes called dumb terminals * No processing power * Cannot stand alone * Must be connected to a server to operate
61
What is a mainframe?
žLarge, expensive, very powerful computer žCan handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously žStores tremendous amounts of data, instructions, and information
62
International Business Machines (IBM)
°Incorporated in 1911 °The first family of computers with interchangeable software and peripherals °World’s largest information technology company
63
Fastest, most powerful computer °Able to process more than 12 trillion instructions per second
supercomputer
64
žFor an information system to provide accurate, timely, and useful information, each element must be present and all of the elements must work together
information system
65
žIdea that you can separate people of the world into two distinct groups ›Those who have access to technology with the ability to use it ›Those who do not have access to technology or are without the ability to use it
digital divide
66
What new computer trends concern a small office/home office (SOHO) user?
žE-mail ›Communicate with others žE-commerce ›Conduct financial business on the Web žWeb cam ›Allows a SOHO user to show the world a live view of some aspect of their business
67
What are the needs of the large business user?
o žNetwork ›Local area network (LAN) ›Wide Area Network (WAN) o žLarge business Web site o žSales management o žAccounting žo Desktop publishing o žInformation systems department o žProductivity software o žScheduling o žWeb access
68
What is a kiosk?
žA freestanding computer žUsually has multimedia capability and a touch screen žUsed by a large business to provide information to the public
69
What is Web publishing?
žMaking a Web page available on the Internet
70
°A few reasons to publish Web pages
* Provide family information * Provide information about business * Provide a resume online * Provide online courses called distance-learning courses
71

Introduction to IT (1 decks)

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