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Question 1

Land plants are what kind of eukaryotes?

Answer 1

Multicellular photosynthetic

Question 2

What characteristics or adaptations do terrestrial living plants have that distinguish them from algae?

Answer 2

reproductive, structural, and chemical adaptations

Question 3

Land plants have a _______ that is retained and protected for some time by the parent.

Answer 3

embryo

Question 4

The parent tissues provide nutrients to the embryo and…

Answer 4

protect the embryo from desiccation (drying out)

Question 5

Light and CO2 are found above ground while mineral and water are found mainly in the

Answer 5

Soil

Question 6

In plants there are many structural and functional differences between_________ and ___________

Answer 6

subterranean and aerial organs.

Question 7

Most plants have a

Answer 7

vascular system

Question 8

The aerial parts of most plants have a waxy coating

Answer 8

called a cuticle that reduces water loss

Question 9

Most land plants have stomata. True or false

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What type of life cycle do land plants have?

Answer 10

haplodiplontic

Question 11

Within the life cycle of a plant there are multicellular stages that are ______ and multicellular stages that are _______.

Answer 11

diploid and haploid

Question 12

Both haploid and diploid cells can divide by

Answer 12

Mitotsis

Question 13

What adaptation distinguish land plants from their algal ancestors?

Answer 13

An embryo stage in their life cycle

Question 14

Bryophytes are non-vascular plants which are

Answer 14

mosses

Question 15

Tracheophytes are vascular plant and they can be seedless or have seeds. True or False

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Bryophytes include what type of plants?

Answer 16

mosses, liverworts, and hornwarts

Question 17

What do most bryophytes lack… And what is the dominant generation?

Answer 17

vascular tissues…gametophyte (n)

Question 18

Gametophyte (n) is:

Answer 18

leaflike structures stemlike axis rhizoids

Question 19

Rhizoids consist of several cells that…

Answer 19

anchor the moss to a substrate and absorb little water.

Question 20

Mosses reproduction structures are the

Answer 20

archegonium and antheridium

Question 21

The archegonium is:

Answer 21

a multicellular structure that produces the egg

Question 22

The antheridium is:

Answer 22

a multicellular sperm producing structure.

Question 23

what are the sperm from the antheridium get to the egg in the archegonium?

Answer 23

The sperm swim

Question 24

The zygote that results from fertilization develops into a…

Answer 24

sporophyte

Question 25

The sporophyt is not ________ and depends on the ________.

Answer 25

photosynthetic | gametophyte

Question 26

The sporangium produces spore mother cells (2n) that undergo...

Answer 26

meiosis to form spores.

Question 27

Mosses are common in humid areas and are the most abundant plants in the....

Answer 27

Arctic tundra

Question 28

Biological soil crusts typically consist of a mixture of organisms including _______, ________, ________, and heterotrophic microorganisms.

Answer 28

mosses, lichens, algae, cyanobacteria

Question 29

What do biological soil crusts reduce? | what does sphagnum peat moss do?

Answer 29

soil erosion and increase soil fertility | addendum that improves water retention

Question 30

In hepaticophyta (liverworts) the gametophytes tend to be ______ and the rhizoids are __________.

Answer 30

flat...one celled.

Question 31

For sexual reproduction of liverworts, like mosses the sporophyte is...? Fore asexual reproduction the gemmae are...?

Answer 31

Non-photosynthetic | fragments of the gametophyte that are dispersed by raindrops.

Question 32

Most liverworts live in ...?

Answer 32

tropical forests

Question 33

ANthocerotophyt (hornworts) the gametophyt is similar to that of a...?

Answer 33

liverworts (flat)

Question 34

``` The sporophyte (hornworts) is the _________ and has _________ and ________? The sporophyte is still...? ```

Answer 34

photosynthetic and has stomata and cuticle | dependent on the gametophyte and is not free living

Question 35

How many species of seedless vascular plants are there ? What period did they dominate in?

Answer 35

15,000 living species, 2 phyla | carboniferous period

Question 36

The most extensive coal deposits are derived from seedless vascular plants that grew during the...?

Answer 36

carboniferous period

Question 37

Lycophyt are _______? and Pterophyta are _________, ________, and __________?

Answer 37

Club mosses Ferns, whisk Fern, Horsetails

Question 38

In seedless vascular plants the ________ is the dominant generations.

Answer 38

sporophyte

Question 39

The sporophyte generation in seedless vascular plants has ...? The aerial portions of the sporophyte are covered by a...? The sperm have...?

Answer 39

vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) cuticle and stomata flagella

Question 40

``` The lycophytes (club mosses have sporophyte (2n) which means has a photosynthetic microphylls (_______) Where do the sporangia form? That happens in the structure of the sporangium? ```

Answer 40

(leaves with one vein) at the end of the stems meiosis occurs and haploid develop

Question 41

Unlike bryophytes, lycophytes have...?

Answer 41

well developed vascular tissues

Question 42

Pterophyta the sporangium produces spore mother cells (2n) that undergo meiosis to form...?

Answer 42

spores (n)

Question 43

In most pterophyta (ferns), each spore produces a bisexual ...? the gametophyte is..?

Answer 43

gametophyte (n) with archegonia and antheridia | photosynthetic

Question 44

for the pterophyta the sperm swim to the eggs and fertilization leads to the development of an ________, which grows into another ______(sporophyte).

Answer 44

embryo...fern

Question 45

A few ferns are ________? and they produce what two types of spores? the heterosporous condition is important in the...?

Answer 45

heterosporous megaspores and microspores evolution of seeds

Question 46

For Pterophyta ferns most have megaphylls which means...? In Asexual reproduction the Rhyzomes are

Answer 46

branched system of veins (more than one vein) underground stems

Question 47

Pterophyta habitats consist of...? What does cyanobacteria do??

Answer 47

tropics, temperate climates and even deserts (resurrection fern) converts N2 into NH3. It is present in rice paddies.

Question 48

Pterophyt (whisk ferns) lack...? an underground stem ((rhizomes) develop a symbiotic relationship with...? For horsetails the stems are _______? The sporangia form at the tip of the...?

Answer 48

leaves or these structures or are very reduced mycorrhizae Photosynthetic reproductive stems

Question 49

Land plants evolved form a species of...

Answer 49

Charoophytes