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1-5 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

stage fright

A

anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience

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2
Q

adrenaline

A

a hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or mental stress

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3
Q

positive nervousness

A

controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for her or his presentation

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4
Q

visualization

A

mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giving a successful presentation

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5
Q

critical thinking

A

focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the differences between fact and opinion

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6
Q

speaker

A

the person who is presenting an oral message to a listener

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7
Q

message

A

whatever a speaker communicates to someone else

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8
Q

channel

A

the means by which a message is communicated

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9
Q

listener

A

the person who receives the speaker’s message

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10
Q

frame of reference

A

the sum of a person’s knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes. no two people can have exactly the same frame of reference

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11
Q

feedback

A

the message, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker

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12
Q

interference

A

anything that impedes the communication of a message, can be internal or external

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13
Q

situation

A

the time and place in which speech communication occurs

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14
Q

ethnocentrism

A

the belief that one’s own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures

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15
Q

ethics

A

the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs

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16
Q

ethical decisions

A

sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential douse of action against a set of ethical standards or guidelines

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17
Q

name-calling

A

the use of language to defame, demean, or degrade individuals or groups

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18
Q

Bill of Rights

A

the first 10 amendments to the US Constitution

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19
Q

plagiarism

A

presenting another person’s language or ideas as owns own

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20
Q

global plagiarism

A

stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as ones own

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21
Q

patchwork plagiarism

A

stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them of as one’s own

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22
Q

incremental plagiarism

A

failing to give credit particular parts of a speech that are borrowing from other people

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23
Q

paraphrase

A

to restate or summarize an author’s ideas in one’s own words

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24
Q

hearing

Study These Flashcards
A

the vibration of sound waves on the eardrums and the firing of electrochemical impulses in the brain

25
listening
paying close attention to and making sense of what we hear
26
appreciative listening
listening for pleasure or enjoyment
27
empathetic listening
listening to provide emotional support for a speaker
28
comprehensive listening
listening to understand the message of a speaker
29
critical listening
listening to evaluate a message for purposed of accepting or rejecting it
30
spare "brain time"
the difference between the rate of which most people talk and the rate at which the brain can process language
31
active listening
giving undivided attention to a speaker in a genuine effort to understand the speaker's point of view
32
key-word outline
an outline that briefly notes a speaker's main point and supporting evidence in rough outline form
33
ice breaker speech
a speech early in a term designed to get students speaking in front of the class as soon as possible
34
introduction
the opening section of a speech
35
body
the main section of a speech
36
chronological order
a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern
37
topical order
a method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into local and consistent subtopics
38
main points
the major points developed int he body of a speech
39
transition
a word or phrase that indicated when a speaker has finished one throughout and is moving on to another
40
conclusion
the final sections of a speech
41
extemporaneous speech
a carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes
42
gestures
motions of a speaker's hands or arms during a speech
43
eye contact
direct visual contact with the eyes of another person
44
topic
the subject of a speech
45
brainstorming
a method of generating ideas for speech topics by the free association of words and ideas
46
general purpose
the broad goal of a speech
47
specific purpose
a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech
48
central idea
a one-sentence statement that sums up or encapsulates the major ideas of a speech
49
residual message
what a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech
50
audience-centerdness
keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation
51
identification
a process in which speakers seek to create a bond with the audience by emphasizing common values, goals and experiences
52
egocentrism
the tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being
53
demographic audience analysis
audience analysis that focuses on demographic factors such as age, gender, religion, sexual orientation, group membership, and racial, ethnic, or cultural background
54
stereotyping
creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people, usually by assuming that all members of the group are alike
55
situational audience analysis
audience analysis that focuses on situational factors, such as the size of the audience, the physical setting for the speech and the disposition of the audience toward the topic, the speaker and the occasion
56
attitude
a frame of mind in favor of out opposed to a person, policy, belief, institution, etc
57
fixed-alternative questions
questions that offer a fixed choice between two or more alternatives
58
scale questions
questions that require responses at fixed intervals along a scale of answers
59
open-ended questions
questions that allow respondents to answer however they want

public speaking (1 decks)

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