1 Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
science
A
a way of learning more about the natural world that provides possible explanations to questions and involves using collection of skills
2
Q
scientific theory
A
an attempt to explain a pattern observed repeatedly in the natural world
3
Q
scientific law
A
a rule that describes a pattern in nature
4
Q
investigation
A
the search for an answer to a question
5
Q
the scientific method
A
a series of organized steps that scientists follow to create and conduct experiments
6
Q
descriptive research
A
a method which answers scientific questions thru observation
7
Q
experimental design
A
collection of structures, cycles, and processes that relate to and interact with each other.
8
Q
three branches of science
A
life, earth/space, and physical science
9
Q
physical science
A
the study of matter and energy (physics & chem)
10
Q
matter
A
anything that takes up space and has mass
11
Q
mass
A
the amount of matter that an object has
12
Q
weight
A
measure of pull of gravity on object
13
Q
force
A
push or pull
14
Q
volume
A
amount of space that object occupies or is enclosed in a container
15
Q
density
A
ratio of mass to volume; mass / volume
16
Q
temperature
A
measure of average kinetic energy of particles in a sample of matter
17
Q
thermometer
A
tool used to measure temperature
18
Q
Degrees Celsius
A
metric unit of temperature
19
Q
SI
A
international system of units
20
Q
hypothesis
A
reasonable and possible answer to your questions based on what you know and what you observe; testable; a prediction
21
Q
prediction
A
statement about what might occur in the future
22
Q
infer
A
to draw a conclusion based on observations
23
Q
inference
A
statement about what someone believes has ALREADY HAPPENED
24
Q
evidence
A
available FACTS and INFORMATION indicating whether belief is true or valid
25
variables
factors that can be changed in experiment
26
IV
variable changed in experiment
27
DV
variable that changes as a result of change in the IV; what is observed/measured
28
constants
variables that aren't changed
29
control
variable used for comparison / not affected by IV
30
data
info
31
qualitative data
data pertaining to characteristics
32
quantitative data
data pertaining to numbers
33
spring scale
tool used to measure weight and forces
34
graduated cylinder
tool used to measure and hold liquid
35
meniscus
curved upper surface of a liquid in a tube
36
displace
take over the place or position
37
displacement method
a way of measuring the object volume by displacing water when an object is placed into water.
38
beaker
tool used to measure and hold liquids
39
triple beam balance
tool used to measure mass
40
technology
practical use of science (applied science)
41
model
any representation of object or event used as a tool for understanding natural world
42
types of models
physical, computer, and idea models
43
physical models
models that you can see and touch
44
computer models
models built by using computer software
45
idea models
ideas/concepts that describe how someone thinks about something in natural world. E.g. E=mc^2 shows mass can be changed into energy
46
data table
graphic that organizes related data into rows and column
47
circle graph
pie chart; used to show data as parts of a whole
48
bar graph
visual display uses bars to show size of data; useful for comparing data
49
line graph
uses plotted lines to show relationship in change between sets of datas/variables
50
direct relationship
when IV and DV change in same ways
51
indirect relationship
when IV and DV change in opposite ways
52
cyclic relationship
pattern repeated in a regular way
53
interpolate
insert into a series by estimating or calculating from surrounding KNOWN values
54
extrapolate
EXTEND by inferring unknown values form trends in known data
55
extrapolation
finding values BEYOND KNOWN data points
56
experimental error
when something goes wrong in an experiment and causes unexpected results
57
deductive reasoning
take a deeper detail into broad situation
58
inductive reasoning
take a specific situation to make into a broader generalization
59
how do scientists solve problems?
scientists love to use resources when solving problems. the scientific method is an example.
60
inertia
resistance of an object
61
what does more mass equal?
more speed
62
observation
GATHERING OF INFO by using five SENSES
63
L or T : energy cannot be created or destroyed. it can only change in other forms
L
64
L or T : the earth is the center of the universe.
T
65
L or T : the moon was formed somewhere else in the solar system.
T
66
L or T : the sun is the center of the universe.
T
67
L or T : for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
L (newton's)
68
meniscus
the curving of water on the sides of a glass due to adhesion.
69
accuracy
closeness of a measured value to STANDARD OR KNOWN VALUE
70
precision
closeness of two or more measurements to EACH OTHER
71
how is precision and accuracy related?
they're independent from each other. you can be precise, but still not be close to the bullseye, whereas you can be accurate, but not precise.
72
percent of error formula
| exact value - approximate value | / exact value * 100
73
what can't you use the displacement method for?
objects with densities <1 or large objects.
74
what does the displacement method work with?
regular and irregular shaped objects with a density greater than 1
75
what can you use the formula method for
cubes or prisms
76
what are the two ways to find the volume of an object?
displacement method and formula
77
why are cells so small?
cells must move from one place to another in a quick and efficient way; as cells increase, the membrane also increases and so does the volume. if cells grow larger, the amount of material that passes thru membrane decreases.
78
what is the ratio of an object's surface area to its volume when it gets larger in size?
sa/volume ratio decreases as size increases.
79
evidence
available facts/info indicating WHETHER A BELIEF IS TRUE OR VALID
80
what is the IV also known as
manipulative variable
81
what is the DV also known as
responding variable
82
what are the six characteristics of life (cogrra)
1. composed of cells
2. obtain and use energy
3. grow and develop
4. reproduce,
5. respond to environment
6. adapt to environment
83
sexual reproduction
2 parents
84
asexual reproduction
1 parent
85
ion
extra proton or one less electron
86
atomic number represents
number of protons
87
in a neutral charged element, the number of electrons is
the same as protons
88
to find the neutrons, we must
subtract atomic mass - protons
89
why is atomic mass in decimals?
atomic mass is the average of all the isotopes of an element.
90
solid properties
tightly packed, vibrating in place
91
gas properties
spread out, travel in straight line
92
neutrons
neutral
93
protons
positive
94
electrons
negative
95
cation
positively charged ion
96
anion
negatively charged ion
97
what do rows in a periodic table represent?
periods
98
what do columns in periodic table represent?
families, similar reactions/ characteristics
99
metalloids
properties of metals and nonmetals
100
atomic mass
number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of one atom
101
an earthworm turns away from light
respond to an environment
102
a bean seed produces a bean plant
reproduce
103
a student tries to solve a math problem
obtain and use energy
104
a person breathes out carbon dioxide
obtain and use energy
105
you become thirsty after exercise
respond to environment
106
a green plant grows in the direction of light
respond to environment
107
the average American females live 78 yrs
grow and develop
108
a caterpillar eats the leaves of a plant
obtain and use energy
109
plant wilts and dies from drying out
grow and develop
110
humming bird can hover like a helicopter
obtain and use energy
111
cats mate and produce kittens
reproduce
112
birds' feathers provide warmth, help birds fly or swim, and keep them dry
adapt to environment
113
a runner becomes hot during a race
respond to environment
114
fireflies produce flashes of light
obtain and use energy, and respond
115
cottontail rabbit may live for 8 yrs
grow and develop
116
bear hibernates when it is cold
respond to environment
117
cut heals after a few days
respond to environment, composed of cells
118
fish scales keep water out of its body
adapt to environment
119
bacteria are single-celled organisms while humans are multi-cellular
made of cells
120
what's the difference between single-cell and multi-cell?
single cells are duplicates of one another, therefore they execute the SAME ACTION. multi-cells are different, therefore they can PERFORM DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS
121
Earnest Rutherford
discovered existense of atoms and neutrons
122
relationship between protons and electrons with no net charge
protons=electrons
123
when is water most dense? (1)
4*C
124
when does water contract?
until 4*C
125
when does water expand?
from 4*C to 0*C
126
how does ice protect aquatic organisms?
acts as an insulator (blanket) for ocean, reflecting heat away rather than absorbing heat due to its white complexion. transition between seasons less abrupts
127
solvency
water is universal solvent bc it has positive and negative charge
128
cohesion
attraction between water molecules
129
adhesion
attraction between water molecules and an object
130
high surface temp of water
100*C
131
high heat of vaportization
when water boils it evaporates
132
density of water
as the temperature increases, the density of water decreases.
133
how many periods in periodic table
7
134
how many columns in periodic table
18
135
where are noble gases
group 18
136
chemical family
columns
137
if elements are in the same group, what does it mean?
same properties
138
Alkali Metals properties
1. 1 electron in outer shell
2. REACTIVE
3. conductors
4. group1
139
Transition metals props
1. conductors
2. 32 electrons
3. 3-12
140
halogen props
1. 7 electrons
2. REACTIVE
3. nonmetals
4. 17
141
rare earth metals
conductors
142
oxygen
Group 16; reactive, 6 electrons
143
nitrogen
group 15; 5 electrons
144
carbon
group 14; 4 electrons
145
boron
group 13; 3 electrons
146
alkaline earth metals
2 electrons; group 2
