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Question 1

Full thickness wound repair

Answer 1

1) Hemostasis: clot forms fibrin layer
2) Inflammatory phase: histamines vasodilate
3) Proliferative phase: 2-24 days:
4) Maturation: can take years

Question 2

Infection has 4 stages

Answer 2

1) incubation: time interval between entrance of pathogen and appearance of 1st symptoms
2) Prodromal stage: onset of nonspecific symptoms to more specific
3) Illness stage: s/s manifest specific type infection
4) Convalescence acute symptoms of infection disappear

Question 3

Chain of infection

Answer 3

1) Presence of infectious agent
2) Reservir
3) port of exit
4) mode of transmission
5) port of entry to host
6) host

Question 4

Describe the process of normal wound healing: Primary

Answer 4

Primary: the skin edges are approximated, or closed, and the risk of infection is low. Healing occurs quickly, with minimal scar formation as long as infection and secondary breakdown are prevented

Question 5

Describe the process of normal wound healing: SECONDARY

Answer 5

A wound involving loss of tissue, such as a burn, pressure ulcer, or severe laceration, heals by secondary intention. The wound is left open until it becomes filled by scar tissue

Question 6

Partial thickness wounds

Answer 6

a shallow involving loss of epidermis and possible loss of dermis. These wounds

Question 7

Full thickness wounds

Answer 7

Pressure ulcers extending into the dermis and heal by scar formation because deeper structures do not regenerate

Question 8

paternalism

Answer 8

Limiting someone’s autonomy for the sake of the best interest of the group

Question 9

Fidelity

Answer 9

agreement to keep a promise

Question 10

veracity/honesty

Answer 10

having a patient’s trust

Question 11

Justice/dignity/respect

Answer 11

treating patients fairly

Question 12

infant HR

Answer 12

120-160

Question 13

Toddler HR

Answer 13

90-140

Question 14

Preschool HR

Answer 14

80-110

Question 15

School-age child HR

Answer 15

75-100

Question 16

Adolescent HR

Answer 16

60-90

Question 17

Adult HR

Answer 17

60-100

Question 18

Manifestatin includes

Answer 18

fever, elevated WBC, malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lymph node enlargement or organ failure

Question 19

Exudates can be?

Answer 19

1) Serous (clear, like plasma)
2) sanguineous (containing RBCS)
3) purulent (containing WBCs)
and bacteria

Question 20

HAIs

Answer 20

1) iatrogenic: resulting from procedure
2) exogenous: outside body
3) endogenous: when patient’s normal flora becomes altered & overgrowth results
4) superinfection: overgrowth of bacteria after antibiotics eliminate normal flora

Question 21

Braden scale

Answer 21

1) sensory perception
2) moisture
3) activity
4) mobility
5) nutrition
6) friction/shear
scores range from 6-23; the lower the score the higher risk for pressure ulcers

Question 22

factors influencing pressure ulcer formation

Answer 22

nutrition, tissue perfusion, infection, age, psychosocial impact of wounds