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ANS Drugs > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

1
Q

Presynaptic toxin that prevent fusion of the vehicle with membrane:

A

Botulinum

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2
Q

Therapeutic uses of Butulinum toxin:

A

1) bleopharospasm: uncontrolled contraction of eyelid

2) cerebral palsy: reduce muscle rigidity and uncontrolled spasms

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3
Q

Drugs inhibitAchE:

A

Anticholinestrases

E.g. organophosphate insecticides

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4
Q

Examples of reversalble anticholinstrase:

A

Edrophonium
Neostigmine
Physostigmine
Pyridostigmine

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5
Q

Examples of irreversible effects (long acting) antiCholinestrase:

A

Organophosphate compounds:
Isoflurophate
Parathion
Malathion

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6
Q

what are the amplifiers of endogenous ACh:

A

AntiCholinestrase

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7
Q

Therapeutic uses of anticholinestrase :

A

1) Myasthenia gravus (NMJ)
2) Alzheimer’s disease (CNS)
3) To reverse the neuromuscular blockade produced
during surgical anesthesia by neuromuscular blocker
4) Overdosage of Atropine(anticholinergic), Tricyclic antidepressant

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8
Q

Drugs uses to treat Myasthenia gravis:

A

Neostigmine

Pyridostigmine

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9
Q

Drugs used to treat Alzheimer’s disease:

A

Donepezil
Galantamine
Rivastigmine

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10
Q

Drugs used to reverse the neuromuscular blockade produced during surgical anesthesia by neuromuscular blocker:

A

neostigmine

edrophonium

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11
Q

Drugs used to treat Overdosage of Atropine, Tricyclic antidepressant:

A

physostigmine

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12
Q

Treatment of anticholinesterase overdose / poisoning:

A

1) Artificial ventilation if necessary
2) Block muscarinic actions of ACh(Atropine)
3) Cholinesterase reactivator (Pralidoxime & obidoxime)
4) The oximes have high affinity for the phosphorus atom & can hydrolyze the phosphorylated enzyme
and regenerate active enzyme from the
organophosphorus-cholinesterase complex.

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13
Q

Cholinesterase reactivator

A

oximes( pralidoxime and obidoxime)

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14
Q

muscarinic agonists

A

parasympathomimetics

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15
Q

muscarinic antagonists

A

parasympatholytics

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16
Q

Examples of muscarinic agonists:

A 
Choline esters:
Acetylcholine
Methacholine
Bethanechol
carbachol

Natural alkaloids:
Pilocarpine
muscarine
nicotine.

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17
Q

Drugs that affecting only the muscarinic receptors:(agonist )

A

Bethanchol

Pilocarpine

18
Q

Therapeutic used of muscarinic agonists:

A

Ophthalmological:

  • constrict pupil (miosis)
  • intraocular pressure decrease
  • reverse mydriasis
  • treat glaucoma

Gastrointestinal/urinary:

  • stimulate GI mobility
  • stimulate bladder emptying

Treatment of dry mouth associated sjogren’s syndrome

19
Q

Partial agonist used for eye drops for glaucoma:

A

Pilocarpine

20
Q

Treatment For Postoperative paralytic ileus (atony or paralysis of the stomach or bowel following surgical manipulation) and congenital megacolon:

A

Bethanechol

Neostigmine

21
Q

treatment of postoperative/postpartum non-obstructive urinary retention:

A

Bethanechol M3 selective

22
Q

Treatment for dry mouth :

A

Cevimeline

Pilocarpine

23
Q

unique AEs of muscarinic agonist

A

Toxicology - mushroom poisoning

24
Q

Examples of parasympatholytics:

A

Atropine (Atropa belladonna)

hyoscine/ scopolamine (Dature stranonium)

25
Q

Anticholinergics shows some selectivity to M3:

A

Oxybutynin

26
Q

Therapeutic uses of antimuscarinics:

A

Opthalmalogical
- dilate pupil for eye examination

Respiratory:
-Asthma/COPD

-Anaesthetic premedication (dry secretion)

Gastrointestinal

  • antispasmodic
  • peptic ulcer

Gentitourinary
-inhibitory -urge incontinence (relax bladder)

Neurological

  • prevent motion sickness
  • counteract movement disorders e.g. Parkinson’s disease
27
Q

Treatment used to dilate pupil for eye examination:

A

Tropicamide

28
Q

Treatment used for asthma /COPD

A

Ipratropium by inhalation

29
Q

Treatment use for anaesthetic premedication (dry sectretions)

A

Atropine

30
Q

Treatment usd to Antispasmodic

A

hyoscine/ dicyclomine

31
Q

Treatment used for Peptic ulcer

A

Pirenzepine

32
Q

Treatment used for inhibitory – urge incontinence(relax bladder)

A

Oxybutynin

33
Q

Treatment used for prevent motion sickness

A

hyoscine

34
Q

Treatment used for Parkinson

A

benztropine/ Trihexyphenidyl

35
Q

Precautions for antimuscurinis to be taken in :

A

1) Glaucoma

2) Benign prostatic hyperplasia in elderly

36
Q

Symptoms of botulism:

A
  • blurred or double vision
  • dry mouth
  • fixed or dilated pupils
  • maybe constipation
37
Q

Side-effect of anticholinesterases poisoning

A 
Stimulation of muscarinic receptors: Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination 
Diarrhoea 
GI upset 
Emesis

Stimulation of nicotinic receptors :
NMJ
Ganglion

CNS effects :
Anxiety; restlessness
lethargy; confusion;
pyschosis, coma;
seizures
38
Q

Adverse reactions of muscarinic agonist:

A

Abdominal pains & upset; increased salivation & sweating; nausea & vomiting; Blurred or disturbed vision

39
Q

Anticholinergic syndrome Peripheral effects :

A 
Flushed
Dry mouth 
Blurred vision / Dilated pupils 
Tachycardia
Urinary retention / Constipation
Hyperthermia
40
Q

Anticholinergic syndrome Central Effects :

A 
Confusion
hallucinations
agitation
Coma
Convulsions

ANS Drugs (1 decks)

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