1

Question 1

Supranuclear Palsy symptoms

Answer 1

Dysarthria, dysphagia, and symmetric axial rigidity (stiff unstable posture), toppling gait
Initially presents with executive function and personality changes

Question 2

Second Impact Syndrome

Answer 2

Brain swelling that occurs after even minor brain injuries following an initial concussion

Question 3

Coup and Contrecoup injuries

Answer 3

intraparenchymal hemorrhage of thefrontal lobes, anterior temporal
subarachnoid hemorrhages can also occur

Question 4

Aβ protein

Answer 4

Abnormal protein in Alzheimer’s disease derived from APP after cleavage by β and γ secretases.
Cleavage of β secretase product by γ secretase results in toxic Aβ42 or the nontoxic Aβ40 peptide;
Cleavage of the α secretase product by γ secretase produces the nontoxic P3 peptide.

Question 5

Amyloid plaques

Answer 5

found in Alzheimer’s disease, made up of Aβ protein

Question 6

Anton’s Syndrome

Answer 6

Cortical blindness + other cortical lesions
Patients deny their blindness despite objective evidence of visual loss, and moreover confabulate to support their stance.

Question 7

Fregoli Delusion

Answer 7

Delusion that different people the person meets are all actually 1 person in different disguises
Can be caused by injury to R Frontal + L Temporoparietal areas
One of the delusional misidentification syndromes

Question 8

Capgras Delusion

Answer 8

Delusion that a someone close to the person has been replaced by an impostor
One of the delusional misidentification syndromes

Question 9

Cotard Delusion

Answer 9

Delusional belief that the person is dead, is decomposing, or missing their internal organs, or does not exist
Possibly related to dysfunction of fusiform gyrus (fusiform face area)

Question 10

Todd’s Syndrome/Alice in Wonderland Syndrome

Answer 10

Distortions in size and depth perception

Question 11

Raccoon Sign

Answer 11

Periorbital ecchymosis due to basilar skull fracture

Question 12

Battle’s Sign

Answer 12

Postauricular ecchymosis (over the mastoid process) due to middle fossa fracture/temporal bone fracture

Question 13

Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia

Answer 13

50% of people with MCI develop dementia in 3 years

Question 14

Anosmia + Lack of taste

Answer 14

Occipital head injuries = leads to shearing of olfactory nerves through cribriform plate

Question 15

Brain atrophy in Alzheimer’s

Answer 15

More focused on posterior cortex and medial temporal lobes.
Earliest and most severe degeneration is usually found in the medial temporal lobe (entorhinal/perirhinal cortex and hippocampus), lateral temporal cortex, and nucleus basalis of Meynert.

Question 16

Median nerve injury

Answer 16

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

hand of benediction (looks like ulnar claw but occurs when trying to make a fist)

Question 17

Ulnar Nerve Entrapment

Answer 17

4th and pinkie finger (ulnar claw)

Weakened intrinsic muscles

Question 18

Biceps Reflex

Answer 18

C5-C6 (Biceps/Brachioradialis)

Question 19

Triceps Reflex

Answer 19

C7-C8 (Triceps)

Question 20

Patellar Reflex

Answer 20

L3-L4 (Quads)

Question 21

Cremasteric Reflex

Answer 21

L1-L2 (Cremasteric muscle)

Question 22

Ankle Reflex

Answer 22

S1-S2 (Gastrocnemius)

Question 23

Anal Wink Reflex

Answer 23

S3-S4 (Anal sphincter)

Question 24

Deep brain hemorrhages (basal ganglia and other regions)

Answer 24

Shearing forces

Question 25

Percentage of delirium cases with pre-existing history of dementia

Answer 25

2/3 (67%)

Question 26

Melanie Klein

Answer 26

aggression > annihilation anxiety (paranoid schizoid position) > splitting and projection > despair and reparation (depressive position - object constancy achieved)

Question 27

Winniecott

Answer 27

Good enough parent is sufficiently attuned and responsive to a child’s needs to allow the child to become aware of the child’s own drives

Question 28

Social Smile

Answer 28

6-8 weeks

Question 29

Rolling over

Answer 29

3-4 months

Question 30

grasping with 1 hand

Answer 30

6 months

Question 31

doubling of birth weight

Answer 31

4-6 months

Question 32

regaining birth weight

Answer 32

within 2 weeks

Question 33

Parallel play

Answer 33

12-18 months

Question 34

sitting independently

Answer 34

6-8 months

Question 35

Pincer grasp

Answer 35

7-9 months

Question 36

transfer of an object from 1 hand to another

Answer 36

12 months

Question 37

5-10 words

Answer 37

18 months

Question 38

moral emotions (shame, guilt, pride)

Answer 38

18-36 months

Question 39

quadrupling of birth weight

Answer 39

2 years

Question 40

fear, joy, surprise

Answer 40

2-7 months

Question 41

Separation anxiety

Answer 41

18-36 months

Question 42

Cooing in communication

Answer 42

2-7 months

Question 43

Stranger anxiety

Answer 43

7-18 months

Question 44

Kohut

Answer 44

Self-Psychology and Narcissism - narcissistic psychopathology is a result of parental lack of empathy during development. Consequently, the individual does not develop full capacity to regulate self esteem.

Question 45

pick up a cup, drink from it, and put it down without much spilling.

Answer 45

15 months

Question 46

feeding a parent or doll (early symbolic play)

Answer 46

18 months

Question 47

lace own shoes

Answer 47

4 years

Question 48

feed self neatly

Answer 48

4 years

Question 49

copy a circle

Answer 49

3 years

Question 50

copy a cross

Answer 50

4 years

Question 51

draw a simple stick figure

Answer 51

4 years

Question 52

draw a person with recognizable body parts

Answer 52

5 years

Question 53

copy a square

Answer 53

5 years

Question 54

vocabulary rate

Answer 54

50 words per day until age 6

Question 55

normal vocabulary for a 2 year old

Answer 55

200-300 words

Question 56

normal vocabulary for a 3 year old

Answer 56

900-1000 words

Question 57

normal vocabulary for a 4 year old

Answer 57

1500-1600 words

Question 58

normal vocabulary for a 5 year old

Answer 58

2100-2200 words

Question 59

normal vocabulary for a 6 year old

Answer 59

``` 2600 words (expressive) 20000-24000 words (Receptive ```

Question 60

normal vocabulary for a 12 year old

Answer 60

50000 receptive

Question 61

ride a tricycle well, climb on a jungle gym, and throw a ball overhand

Answer 61

4 year olds

Question 62

stand on one foot, jump, run smoothly, and climb stars using alternating feet

Answer 62

3 year olds

Question 63

Piaget’s Four Factors that Influence Cognitive Behavior

Answer 63

1. Maturation of the nervous system 2. Experience 3. Social transmission of information or teaching 4. Equilibration