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Question 1

A building with either six or more stories or a building where the highest occupied story/floor is greater than 75 feet from the lowest level of fire dept vehicle access

Answer 1

High rise

Question 2

When was the Virginia state code modified to require a fire control room in buildings having occupied floors located more than 75 feet above the lowest level of fire department vehicle access

Answer 2

February 1976

Question 3

High rise buildings vary greatly in height ranging from six to seven stories, to structures that exceed………..stories

Answer 3

30

Question 4

Modern high rise buildings are of two basic designs

Answer 4

Residential and commercial

Question 5

These occupancies are characterized be center hallways, numerous interior compartment, and 24 hour occupancy

Answer 5

Residential high rise

Question 6

Are characterized by center core construction with circuit corridors around the core of the building and may have relatively large, open expanses on each floor

Answer 6

Commercial

Question 7

A common feature in newly constructed hotel and office high rise buildings that make it difficult to control smoke conditions

Answer 7

Atriums

Question 8

Requirements for buildings with atriums include

Answer 8

Full sprinkler protection
Smoke exhaust systems
Smoke curtains

Question 9

Buildings that were constructed prior to the 1976 code requirements are typically……………and may have a wide variety of design features and systems

Answer 9

Steel and concrete

Question 10

Buildings constructed after the 1976 code change will be of………,which provides resistance to collapse of structural members

Answer 10

fire resistive construction

Question 11

Required fire protection features

Answer 11

Class III standpipe system- outlets are 2 1/2” in diameter and have 11/2 “ reducers
Compartmentation option existed for buildings prior to April 1991
Buildings built after 1976 are either partially or fully sprinklered
Firefighters service to the elevators
Two approved means of egress from each floor
Local fire warning system
Building communications system
Fire control room
Standby and emergency power systems

Question 12

With a few rare exceptions , all high rise buildings in Northern Virginia have

Answer 12

At least two approved exits
Enclosed stairwells
Some type of smoke control system or compartments, includes windows that can be opened, hvac systems that can exhaust smoke

Question 13

Firewalls are typically multiple layers or thick……and …….., typically are two hour rating at minimum

Answer 13

gypsum and masonry walls

Question 14

Common type of flat roof construction uses……….. with a rubberized or tar and gravel top layer(also known as built up) supported by steel bar joist

Answer 14

Composite Q decking

Question 15

access to the roof area is normally through a ……. or …………. at the top of the stairwell or through penthouse machine room areas

Answer 15

hatch or bulkhead

Question 16

……….. assemblies provides an inherent and useful void space for piping , wiring for communications, and other building systems

Answer 16

Steel truss

Question 17

Suspended and drop ceilings are often used to create void spaces, this area is known as

Answer 17

The plenum area

Question 18

interior walls of a residential high-rise and when present in office use, will typically be made of

Answer 18

Gypsum board mounted to metal studs

Question 19

Due to security concerns, some occupancies have begun to use reinforced drywall which consists of …….

Answer 19

wire mesh or lexan inside of the drywall

Question 20

……..are mounted to the floor sections or frame of a building, gaps of 6 to 12 inches are common between floor and exterior

Answer 20

Curtain walls

Question 21

Floors may be made of …………concrete

Answer 21

Reinforced post-tension, cast in place, or reinforced pre-tensioned , precast concrete

Question 22

Low mass concrete can consist of up to……….air to reduce the density of the concrete

Answer 22

20%

Question 23

Low mass concrete is……………..than traditional concrete

Answer 23

10-88% lighter

Question 24

Traditional concrete has a density range of……… pounds per cubic foot

Answer 24

150

Question 25

Lower mass concrete can be broken down into........... categories, they are light weight concrete and super lightweight concrete

Answer 25

2

Question 26

Lightweight concrete ranges in density from............., while super lightweight concrete carries a...........

Answer 26

60 to 100pcf, a density less than 60pcf

Question 27

Low mass concrete provide a higher compression strength at.......... compared to traditional concrete which only offers...........

Answer 27

60,000psi ,20,000psi strength

Question 28

Research shows that under fire conditions failure occurred at......... of the designed load after...... of fire exposure

Answer 28

80%, 45 minutes

Question 29

Thermal cracks appear within ......... to.........minutes of fire exposure

Answer 29

14 to 16 minutes

Question 30

Many high rise buildings have fixed window panes that can't be opened, windows that can be opened are marked with

Answer 30

Maltese cross or a fire helmet etched in the lower corner of the pane

Question 31

Doors that separate the various occupancies within a high rise are either............ or.......... and are inward opening

Answer 31

Fire-rated metal or wood in metal frames

Question 32

The presence of outward opening doors indicates

Answer 32

An electric or telephone room, or other type of closet

Question 33

Doors from the stairwell to the hallways swing

Answer 33

Into the stairwell

Question 34

In occupancies such as hospitals,hotels, or assisted living facilities, sections of hallways are usually divided into...........by self releasing, fire rated doors

Answer 34

Compartments

Question 35

Usually have individual entrances and access only one section of the building

Answer 35

Isolated stairs

Question 36

These stairs are simply independent stairwells on either side of the core, in some cases, each stairwell will only serve every other floor

Answer 36

Scissor stairs

Question 37

Also known as access or convenience stairs, they are open unprotected stairways leading from floor to floor within a single occupants space

Answer 37

Accommodation stairs

Question 38

........... are installed at the lowest floor level that terminates at an exterior entrance

Answer 38

Security gate

Question 39

Majority of standpipes found in interior applications at a high rise are

Answer 39

Wet systems

Question 40

A hydrant should be located...............of the standpipe and sprinkler FDC's

Answer 40

100 feet

Question 41

Pressure- reducing valve's can be defeated by

Answer 41

Breaking the L shaped arm that restricts the riser wheel

Question 42

Central air condition within a high rise may interconnect......... to......... or more floors.

Answer 42

10 to 20

Question 43

Elevators in high- rises structures are typically controlled by.............. and ...........are located at the top of the elevator shaft

Answer 43

Electric traction, control rooms

Question 44

............bypasses a portion of the building via a blind shaft

Answer 44

Express elevators

Question 45

Serves only a specified portion of the building and has no openings on other floors

Answer 45

Blind shaft

Question 46

Fire control rooms will contain the following

Answer 46

Annuciator panels Telephone communication systems Public address systems ``` Pressurization/smoke control systems Stairwell pressurization Corridor pressurization Elevator pressurization HVAC Emergency generator Automatic door unlocking system Telephone with outside line Key box Copy of building plans ```

Question 47

Results in smoke rising upward from the floor until it reaches the roof/ceiling level

Answer 47

Mushrooming

Question 48

Is the natural movement of air within a relatively tightly sealed building due to the temperature difference between the air on the inside and outside of the structure

Answer 48

Stack effect

Question 49

Resulting in the movement of air in a vertical shaft, due to the outside temperature being higher than the temperature inside

Answer 49

Reverse stack effect

Question 50

True or false: if concrete work is still underway and the framework is in place and burning, personnel must not be committed to the interior for operations

Answer 50

True

Question 51

Operational plan for high-rise fires must consist of five basic points

Answer 51

``` Determine fire floor Verify fire floor Control occupants Control of building systems Confine and extinguish the fire ```

Question 52

alternative tactics that have shown positive results when personnel can’t make entry into the hallway

Answer 52

An exterior attack using elevated master streams through the fire apartment window Exterior attack via portable ladders

Question 53

Contents of these buildings have a rate of heat release that can allow a fire to double in size............

Answer 53

Every 90 seconds

Question 54

Fire extension will be a significant concern if the fire is located on the lower..............of a high rise with mercantile occupancies due to the higher.............

Answer 54

Two or three floors, Fire loading

Question 55

Fire load in general office space is about

Answer 55

7.7 pounds per square foot

Question 56

Fire loads in a conference area is approximately........ while a file area is...........

Answer 56

5.9 pounds per square foot, 16 pounds per square foot

Question 57

Combustibles can release.................. per pound

Answer 57

16,000 to 18,000 btu

Question 58

It’s imperative that the ............. still be supplied, even if the initial attack is made with hand lines stretched directly from the apparatus.

Answer 58

Standpipe system

Question 59

Prior to advancing hoselines into areas with suspended ceilings assemblies, firefighters should check............... either physically or with a thermal imaging camera

Answer 59

For fire in the plenum

Question 60

Fire load in residential occupancies is considered low and requires a fire flow of

Answer 60

10 GPM per 100 square feet

Question 61

Fire load in a commercial occupancies is considered moderate and requires a fire flow

Answer 61

20 GPM per 100 square feet

Question 62

Minimum initial alarm assignment for a high rise

Answer 62

``` 5 engines 2 trucks 1 rescue squad 1 ems unit 2 battalion chiefs 1 command aide 1 ems supervisor ```

Question 63

Park in proximity to building, don’t block access - determine number of floor - take note of wind direction - bring rapid entry keys - abandon the rig - recall elevators - determine elevator and stairwell that is used to proceed to fire floor - officer and crew proceed to fire floor - deploy initial attack line

Answer 63

First due engine responsibilities

Question 64

It’s the first due engine officers responsibility to....... and .......... the fire floor

Answer 64

Identify and verify

Question 65

If smoke conditions are found in the lobby, personnel must.....

Answer 65

Determine if the fire is located on the lobby level or possibly on a floor below

Question 66

These units shall proceed together to the reported fire floor

Answer 66

First engine,first due truck, and rescue squad

Question 67

If elevators are equipped with fire service controls, the shaft shall

Answer 67

Be checked for smoke, fire and water

Question 68

Elevators that do not have fire service control shall not be used until

Answer 68

The first engine, along with first due truck crew and rescue squad have climbed he stairs and assessed the fire floor condition

Question 69

Companies must stop...... and use the stairs for the remainder of their ascent to the fire floor

Answer 69

Two floors below the fire floor

Question 70

No more than............ should be in the elevator together

Answer 70

Two companies

Question 71

If the fire is reported to be ............... above ground level, or lower, personnel should walk up

Answer 71

Six floors

Question 72

establish water / supply FDC , driver remains with apparatus - remaining crew reports to the fire floor to assist first engine in placing the first hose line in service - prepare to deploy a second hose line

Answer 72

Second due engine responsibilities

Question 73

- establish water supply to secondary FDC ( if present) - view opposite side of the structure from where first due engine is positioned - proceed to the floor above the fire to work with second due truck in checking for extension

Answer 73

Third due engine responsibilities

Question 74

- park away from building - entire crew process to the attack stairwell one floor below the fire as the RIT - if fire is below grade, RIT shall position outside IDLH, however in close proximity of the fire floor

Answer 74

Fourth due engine responsibilities

Question 75

- report directly to command post, confer with IC - assume lobby control - crew proceeds to lobby with their compliment of tools

Answer 75

Fifth due engine responsibilities

Question 76

First due truck responsibilities

Answer 76

- truck and rescue duties closely parallel one another -park on side A unless fire location can be readily identified If smoke, fire, or victim are evident and within reach of aerial -be raised to access unit/area involved - laddering shouldn’t be placed to window or balcony showing fire unless someone is in need of rescue -if apartment/ unit is totally involved, aerial should be raised to adjoining unit

Question 77

In residential occupancies, search priority is as follows

Answer 77

- The fire unit - Exit hallways - The adjacent units and the units across the hall from the involved unit

Question 78

In commercial occupancies, search priority is as follows

Answer 78

- The immediate fire area and floor - The floor above the fire area - The top floor including the hallways, stairwells, and elevators leading to these areas -Floors between the floor above and the fire and the top floor

Question 79

Second due truck responsibilities

Answer 79

- view as much of the structure as possible, take note of fire/smoke location,number of floors, conditions evident, and persons in distress - assess the need for elevated master streams - take note of wind direction - bring rapid entry keys - should ensure that a stairwell has been identified as the evacuation stairwell

Question 80

Rescue squad responsibilities

Answer 80

- park away from building - entire crew to the fire floor - tasks include searching for victims, locating the fire, forcible entry, ventilation, and control of utilities

Question 81

The rescue squad will perform the same initial functions as the first due truck company until personnel reach the fire floor, once on the fire floor they’re responsible for

Answer 81

- deployment of tag line - forcible entry on the adjacent units for primary search and possible fire attack options - coordinating the evacuation into the adjacent units - assessment of fire extension into adjacent units - depending on the number and type of hoselines deployed, personnel may assist in the movement and operation

Question 82

Additional alarms will bring

Answer 82

At least 3 engines, 1 truck, and 1 battalion chief

Question 83

Is established by sixth due engine, typically the first engine on the second alarm. In a high rise fire situation,this area will become a parking area for fire apparatus

Answer 83

Base area

Question 84

The ................ of the sixth engine should become he base officer

Answer 84

Driver

Question 85

Staging will be set up at least............ below the fire floor

Answer 85

Two floors

Question 86

Each engine company of the second alarm or greater shall bring two...........per unit to the staging area

Answer 86

spare cylinders

Question 87

Additional engine companies shall report to staging , unless otherwise directed by incident commander with

Answer 87

100 foot 2 1/2” high rise pack and 100ft | 1 3/4” high rise pack

Question 88

Lobby control is responsible for a variety of critical tasks

Answer 88

- unit tracking and recording - elevator operations - building control systems - stairwell identification - coordinating civilian evacuation

Question 89

Unit tracking and recording(crew 1)

Answer 89

Done by officer and right bucket firefighter Unit identification Task assigned and location Time entered and air level Number of personnel

Question 90

Building control systems ( crew 2)

Answer 90

Left bucket firefighter - attempt to make contact with building engineer to take control of the following - fire pump,fire alarm system,sprinkler system,HVAC,PA system,monitor fire phones, pressurization system,elevator status

Question 91

Elevator operations (crew 3)

Answer 91

Driver / operator - obtain set of keys, inclusive of the elevator recall key - proceed to elevator lobby and attempt to recall all of the elevators - determine which elevators have firefighter service - check shaft for any fire, smoke, or water, enter car and take control of the car operations - based on direction from command , deliver companies to the appropriate floors

Question 92

Three basic ventilation tactics include

Answer 92

Horizontal through the windows Vertical through the stairwells Use of buildings hvac systems

Question 93

True or false, where possible windows should be opened rather than broken

Answer 93

True

Question 94

The preferred method is to use ....................... by pressurizing the attack stairwell with the intention of forcing smoke out the fire department window

Answer 94

Horizontal ventilation

Question 95

Should be activated of there are more than two floors above the fire that still contain occupants

Answer 95

A search and evacuation branch or group

Question 96

All units operating under the search and evacuation branch or group shall use

Answer 96

The evacuation stairwell to ascend/descend and remove victims

Question 97

At minimum, stairwell support will need a firefighter positioned every .................. to effectively shuttle equipment

Answer 97

Two floors

Question 98

The RIT crew stages where

Answer 98

In attack stairwell, one floor below the fire floor