1 Flashcards
Cells and shit innit (34 cards)
What are the two types of circulation? What do they do?
Pulmonary- transports deoxygenated blood via pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein
Systemic- transports oxygenated blood via the aorta and Vena Cava
What are the three main functions of the cardiovascular system?
- transport oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients
- clotting of open wounds
- regulation of body temperature
What does the circulatory system consist of?
- the heart
- complex network of vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries)
The blood has ten main roles, can you name five?
- transport gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the lungs and the rest of the body
- transport nutrients from the digestive tract and storage sites to the rest of the body
- transport waste products
- transport hormones from the glands
- transport heat to the skin
- transport leukocytes
- transport platelets
- regulate pH
- helps to regulate water balance by transferring water to and from tissues
What is the composition of blood?
55% plasma
45% cells
What is plasma made up of?
It’s the liquid part of the blood
Mostly water (92%)
Per cubic ml of whole blood in horses there is approx
7 million ………..
9000………………
400,000………….
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
What are the four main components of blood?
Plasma,
Erythrocytes,
Leukocytes,
Platelets
What does plasma do?
Transports;
Glucose, Water, Amino acids, Proteins, Minerals, Enzymes, Urea, Salts, Sugars
What do erythrocytes do?
Fancy name for white blood cells
Transport oxygen around the body to the tissues
What do leukocytes do?
Phagocytes
White blood cells, they fight infection
What do thrombocytes do?
Fancy name for platelets
These clot to prevent blood loss during injury
What is homeostasis?
The mechanism of the body to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes taking place in the external environment
Where are red blood cells made?
Red bone marrow within the bone
How long is the lifespan of a red blood cell?
120 days
What happens to a red blood cell at the end of its lifecycle?
Broken down in the spleen, it is then recycled to prevent loss of the mineral iron
Where do red blood cells mature?
They leave the bone marrow as a reticulocyte and mature in the blood to an erythrocyte
What is different about cardiac muscle?
Specially adapted to never rest
What are the three layers of the heart in order?
Epicardium. Outer layer
Myocardium. Middle layer
Endocardium. Inner layer
What is the epicardium?
Outer layer of the heart wall, which is also the inner layer of the epicardial sac
What is the myocardium?
Middle layer of the heart. It’s made of cardiac muscle. The cardiac muscle is an involuntary, striated muscle with fibres that intertwine
What is the endocardium?
Inner layer of the heart which consists of endothelial cells which line the heart, cover the heart valves and lines the blood vessels
What is the main artery?
The main Artery is the Aorta
Both begin with A
What is the main vein?
The main Vein is the Vena cava
Both begin with V
