1. Anatomy of the cardiovascular system

Question 1

Superior

Answer 1

Up

Question 2

Inferior

Answer 2

Down

Question 3

Anterior

Answer 3

Infront

Question 4

Posterior

Answer 4

Behind

Question 5

Medial

Answer 5

Towards middle of body

Question 6

Lateral

Answer 6

Towards the outside

Question 7

Coronal plane

Answer 7

Horizontal plane through body either side

Like putting a crown on

Question 8

Median plane

Answer 8

Through middle

Question 9

Parasagittal

Answer 9

Vertical anterior to posterior slice, not on mid line

Question 10

Transverse

Answer 10

Horizontal

Question 11

Endocardium

Answer 11

1 cell thick layer

Interface between heart and blood

Question 12

Myocardium

Answer 12

Thick layer of cardiac muscle cells

Question 13

Visceral pericardium

Answer 13

(Epicardium) layer of serous tissue between the myocardium and pericardial space

Question 14

Parietal pericardium

Answer 14

Layer of serous tissues lining fibrous pericardium and facing pericardial space

Question 15

Fibrous pericardium

Answer 15

Connective tissue to protect heart and hold its position

Question 16

Layers of the heart wall

Answer 16

Endocardium
Myocardium
Visceral pericardium
Parietal pericardium 
Fibrous pericardium

Question 17

Which is the only bicuspid valve in the heart?

Answer 17

Mitral

Question 18

Describe the structure of blood vessels

Answer 18

Tunica externa: collagen- protection and structure
Tunica media: smooth muscle, elastic tissue, collagen
Lamina: elastic layers, border between layers
Tunica intima: inside, vascular endothelium, basement supporting matrix

Question 19

Artery

Answer 19

Conduit vessels

Carry blood away from heart

Question 20

Arteriole

Answer 20

Resistance vessels

Control flow into copious numbers of capillary beds

Question 21

Capillary

Answer 21

Exchange vessels

Responsible for gas exchange, absorption and secretion

Question 22

Vein

Answer 22

Capacitance vessels

Contain majority of blood at any given time

Question 23

3 main coronary arteries

Answer 23

Right: right cusp to right of heart
Left anterior descending: left front, coming down
Left circumflex: around

Question 24

What is the other coronary artery?

Answer 24

Right conus artery

Sometimes arises from right coronary artery

Question 25

How are coronary arteries positioned?

Answer 25

To perfuse different parts of the myocardium

Question 26

Where do coronary veins drain?

Answer 26

Into the coronary sinus and into the right atrium

Question 27

3 main branches of aortic arch

Answer 27

Brachiocephalic trunk (splits into Axillary and Carotid) Left common carotid Left subclavian artery

Question 28

Where is the heart located?

Answer 28

In the mediastinum | Centre-left of thorax

Question 29

What are the 2 main layers of the pericardium?

Answer 29

Fibrous: protection and structural support Serous: secretory, provide lubrication between heart and fibrous membrane