[1] Anterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

Function: Anterior Abdominal Wall (5)

Answer 1

1. Protect/Support Viscera
2. Trunk Movement
3. Diagnose Disease (“Mirror”)
4. Increase Intra-abdominal Pressure
5. Ambulation

Question 2

Superior Limits of AAW

Answer 2

Costal Margins

Xiphoid Process

Question 3

Inferior Limits of AAW

Answer 3

ASIS
Inguinal Ligament
Pubic Crest
Symphysis

Question 4

Lateral Limits of AAW

Answer 4

Vertical plane through ASIS

Question 5

Best area to cut through during abdominal surgery?

Why?

Answer 5

Linea alba

It is relatively bloodless

Question 6

Level of Subcostal Plane

Answer 6

L3

Question 7

Level of Transtubercular Plane

Answer 7

L5

Question 8

Level of Sagittal Plane

Answer 8

Midpoints of Clavicle and Inguinal Ligament

Question 9

Level of Transpyloric Plane

Answer 9

L1, L2

Question 10

Level of Transumbilical Plane

Answer 10

L3, L4

Question 11

Which superficial fascia is fatty?

Which one is membranous?

Answer 11

Camper’s Fascia: Fatty

Scarpa’s Fascia: Membranous

Question 12

Layers of the AAW In Order

Answer 12

1. Skin
2. Superficial Fascia
3. Deep Fascia
4. Muscles
5. Trasversalis Fascia
6. Extraperitoneal Fat
7. Peritoneum

Question 13

[External Oblique]

What direction do the fibers project?

Answer 13

Inferomedial

Question 14

[Intenral Oblique]

What direction do the fibers project?

Answer 14

Superomedially mostly, however the lower layers start projecting inferomedially

Question 15

Internal Oblique + Transversus Abdominis = ?

Answer 15

Conjoint Tendon

Question 16

Rectus Sheath has contributions from?

Answer 16

External and Internal Oblique, Transversus Abdominis

Question 17

Medial Separation of the Rectus Abdominis

Answer 17

Linea Alba

Question 18

Lateral Separation of the Rectus Abdominis

Answer 18

Linea Semilunaris

Question 19

Is the posterior rectus sheath complete?

Answer 19

No it is not. It ends inferiorly as the arcuate line/linea semicircularis

Question 20

Innervation of the Abdominal Wall

Answer 20

Ventral Rami of T5-L1

Question 21

Terminal Branches of L1

Answer 21

Iliohypogastric

Ilioinguinal

Question 22

Differentiate Indirect and Direct Hernia

Answer 22

Direct: Medial to the inferior epigastric
Physiologic: Lateral to the interior epigastric as it passes through the inguinal ring

Acronym: LIMD [Lateral Indirect] [Medial Direct]

Question 23

[Inguinal Canal]

Anterior Wall

Answer 23

External Oblique Aponeurosis

Question 24

[Inguinal Canal]

Posterior Wall

Answer 24

Transversalis Fascia

Question 25

[Inguinal Canal] Roof

Answer 25

Internal Oblique | Transversus Abdominis Muscle

Question 26

[Inguinal Canal] Floor

Answer 26

Inguinal Ligament

Question 27

2 Rings of the Inguinal canal

Answer 27

Superficial | Deep

Question 28

Where does the superficial inguinal ring open?

Answer 28

External Oblique Aponeurosis

Question 29

[Inguinal Canal] | Contents (Male + Female)

Answer 29

Spermatic Cord Round Ligament of the Uterus Ilioinguinal Nerve

Question 30

[Spermatic Cord] Coverings (3)

Answer 30

Internal Spermatic Fascia Cremaster Muscle External Spermatic Fascia

Question 31

[Spermatic Cord] Contents (3)

Answer 31

Ductus Deferens Arteries, Nerves, Lymphatic Vessesl Pampiniform Plexus

Question 32

[Diaphragm] What are the 3 Apertures?

Answer 32

Esophagus Vena Cava Aorta

Question 33

At what level are the 3 diaphragmatic apertures found?

Answer 33

IVC: T8 Esophagus: T10 Aorta: T12 8-10-12

Question 34

Which of the vagal trunks is anterior? | Which one is posterior?

Answer 34

Left: Anterior Right: Posterior LARP

Question 35

Origin of Musculophrenic and Pericardiophrenic Artery?

Answer 35

Internal Thoracic/Mammary Artery

Question 36

Responsible for the "6-Pack" Formation

Answer 36

Tendinous Intersections

Question 37

From where to where does the Inguinal Ligament span?

Answer 37

ASIS to Pubic Tubercle

Question 38

Imaginary horizontal line at the level of the umbilicus?

Answer 38

Transumbilical Plane

Question 39

The Pyramidalis muscle is present in what % of the population?

Answer 39

80%

Question 40

Function: EO + IO

Answer 40

Rotation

Question 41

Function: Transversus Abdominis

Answer 41

Trunk Flexion

Question 42

Function: EO + IO + TA

Answer 42

Flexion

Question 43

Function: Rectus Abdominis

Answer 43

Passive contraction and spinal extension

Question 44

[Vascular Supply] Branches of External Iliac

Answer 44

Inferior Epigastric | Deep Circumflex Iliac

Question 45

[Vascular Supply] Branches of Femoral Artery

Answer 45

Superficial Circumflex Iliac

Question 46

[Vascular Supply] Branches of Greater Saphenous Vein

Answer 46

Superior Epigastric

Question 47

[Vascular Supply] 4 Primary Blood Vessels of the AAW

Answer 47

1. Internal Thoracic 2. External Iliac 3. Greater Saphenous Vein 4. Femoral Artery

Question 48

What supplies blood to the superior part of the rectus abdominis?

Answer 48

Internal Thoracic Artery

Question 49

What supplies blood to the inferior part of the rectus abdominis?

Answer 49

Inferior Epigastric Artery

Question 50

[Superficial Lympathics] Where does lymph drain above the umbilicus?

Answer 50

Axillary Nodes/Cervical Nodes

Question 51

[Superficial Lympathics] Where does lymph drain below the umbilicus?

Answer 51

Superficial Inguinal Nodes

Question 52

[Deep Lymphatics] What is the convergence o the main lymphatic ducts of the abdomen?

Answer 52

Cisterna Chyli