[1] Anti-Bacterials

Question 1

[Mechanism of Action]

Penicillin

Answer 1

Beta-lactam antibiotics bind to the active site of Penicillin-Binding Proteins, causing the cessation of the transpeptidation reaction that leads to the halting of peptidoglycan synthesis ultimately causing cell death due to loss of structural integrity

Question 2

Beta-lactom antibiotics are structural analogs of?

Answer 2

D-Alanyl-D-Alanine

Question 3

Penicillin is mainly excreted via ?

Answer 3

Kidney Excretion
10% Glomerular Filtration
90% Tubular Secretion

Question 4

[Spectrum of Activity: G+ Organisms]

Penicillin G

Answer 4

Streptococci
Pneumococci
Enterococcus
Corynebacterium
Listeria
Oral Anaerobes
Clostridium

Question 5

[Spectrum of Activity: G- Organisms]

Penicillin G

Answer 5

N. meningitides
H. influenzae

(Penicillin G has a poor spectrum of activity for these, though, and is only useful in high doses)

Question 6

[Spectrum of Activity: G+ Organisms]

Penicillin VK

Answer 6

Streptococci
Pneumococci
Enterococci
Corynebacterium
Listeria
Oral Anaerobes
Clostridium

Question 7

[Spectrum of Activity: G- Organisms]

Penicillin VK

Answer 7

Poor

Question 8

[Spectrum of Activity: Other Organisms]

Penicillin VK

Answer 8

Leptospira

Question 9

[Spectrum of Activity: Other Organisms]

Penicillin G

Answer 9

Treponema pallidum

Leptospira

Question 10

[Clinical Uses]

Penicillin G

Answer 10

Bacterial Meningitis
Pneumonia
Syphilis
Leptospirosis

Question 11

Difference of Penicillin G and Penicillin VK regarding Clinical Use

Answer 11

Penicillin VK cannot treat bacterial meningitis since it does not cross the BBB

Question 12

[Route of Administration]

Penicillin G

Answer 12

Intravascular
Intamuscular

(No oral BA, destroyed by gastric acid)

Question 13

[Route of Administration]

Penicillin VK

Answer 13

Oral (BA: 60-73%)

Question 14

[Spectrum of Activity: G+ Organisms]

Oxacillin

Answer 14

Most G+ Cocci

Streptococci
Pneumococci
Staphylococcus aureus

Question 15

[Spectrum of Activity: G+ Organisms]

Cloxacillin

Answer 15

Most G+ Cocci

Question 16

[Spectrum of Activity: G- Organisms]

Cloxacillin

Answer 16

Inactive

Question 17

[Spectrum of Activity: G- Organisms]

Oxacillin

Answer 17

Inactive

Question 18

Cloxacillin and oxacillin, two penicillase-resistant Penicillins, are inactive against?

Answer 18

G- Bacteria
Anaerobic Bacteria
Enterococci

Question 19

Fourth generation cephalosporin with activity against P. aeruginosa

Answer 19

Cefepime

Question 20

Choice of drug for bacterial meningitis

Answer 20

Ceftriaxone

Question 21

Which third generation cephalosporin has the longest half life?

Answer 21

Ceftriaxome

Question 22

This cephalosporin has more susceptible to beta-lactamases as compared to other agents

Answer 22

Cefaclor

Question 23

These are the only two two third generation cephalosporins with activity against P. aeruginosa

Answer 23

Ceftazidime

Cefoperazone

Question 24

This is usually administered with Amoxicillin to lower the effectiveness of beta lactamases

Answer 24

Clavulanic Acid

Question 25

The first drug of the Carbapenem class

Answer 25

Imipenem

Question 26

this Carbapenem has poor activity against P. aeruginosa

Answer 26

Ertapenem

Question 27

Name this beta-lactamase inhibitor and antibiotic combination that is the preferred treatment for pneumonia caused by P. aeruginosa

Answer 27

Piperacillin + Tazobactam

Question 28

Specific B-lactamases inhibited by Tazobactam

Answer 28

SHV-1 | TEM

Question 29

Components of Cotrimoxazole

Answer 29

Sulfamethoxazole | Trimethoprim

Question 30

Fixed-drug combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the drug of choice for?

Answer 30

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia Toxoplasmosis Nocardiosis

Question 31

Most common adverse effect of Aminoglycosides

Answer 31

Nephrotoxicity

Question 32

Most serious adverse effect of Aminoglycosides

Answer 32

Ototoxicity

Question 33

Most ototoxic Aminoglycosides

Answer 33

Neomycin Kanamycin Amikacin

Question 34

Most nephrotoxic Aminoglycosides

Answer 34

Neomycin Tobramycin Gentamycin

Question 35

[Mechanism of Action] Macrolides

Answer 35

Inhibitor of 50S Ribosome Function

Question 36

[Mechanism of Action] Vancomycin

Answer 36

Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-Ala-D-Ala terminus of peptidoglycan pentapeptides

Question 37

[Spectrum of Activity] Vancomycin

Answer 37

G+ Bacteria Only