1. Antihypertensives Flashcards
(50 cards)
1
Q
Norvasc™
Pharmacologic Category
A
Amlodipine
Calcium Channel Blocker
2
Q
Norvasc™
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
A
Amlodipine
- Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- Hypertension (HTN)
3
Q
Norvasc™
Adverse Effects
A
- Abdominal pain
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
- Flushing
- Headache
- Nausea
- Palpitations
- Peripheral edema
- Somnolence
4
Q
Norvasc™
Dosage Forms
A
- Tablets
- 2.5mg
- 5mg
- 10mg
5
Q
Norvasc™
Patient Education
A
- Patient should avoid activities requiring coordination until drug effects are realized, as drug may cause dizziness.
- Instruct patient to report signs/symptoms of exacerbation of angina or myocardial infarction with initiation and increase in dose.
- Patients with severe cardiovascular disease have an increased risk.
- Instruct patient to take a missed dose as soon as possible, but if it has been more than 12 hours since the dose was missed,
6
Q
Tenormin™
Pharmacologic Category
A
Atenolol
Beta Blocker
7
Q
Tenormin™
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
A
Atenolol
- Acute Myocardial Infarction
- Angina
- Hypertension (HTN)
8
Q
Tenormin™
Adverse Effects
A
Atenolol
- Bradyarrhythmia
- Cold extremities
- Depression
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
- Hypotension
9
Q
Tenormin™
Dosage Forms
A
Atenolol
- Tablet:
- 25mg
- 50mg
- 100mg
10
Q
Tenormin™
Patient Education
A
Atenolol
- Patient should avoid activities requiring mental alertness or coordination until drug effects are realized, as drug may cause dizziness.
- Advise patient to report signs/symptoms of cardiac failure.
- Advise patient against sudden discontinuation of drug especially when being treated for angina.
- Abrupt withdrawal may cause rebound angina.
- Patient should take drug on an empty stomach
11
Q
Coreg™
Pharmacologic Category
A
Carvedilol
Alpha-/Beta-Adrenergic Blocker
12
Q
Coreg™
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
A
Carvedilol
- Hypertension (HTN)
- Heart failure
- Impaired left ventricular fusion—myocardial infarction (MI)
13
Q
Coreg™
Adverse Effects
A
Carvedilol
- Bradyarrhythmia
- Hypotension
- Peripheral edema
- Abnormal weight gain
- Hyperglycemia
- Diarrhea
- Dizziness
- Erectile dysfunction
- Fatigue
14
Q
Coreg™
Dosage Forms
A
Carvedilol
- Tablet
- 3.125mg
- 6.25mg
- 12.5mg
- 25mg
15
Q
Coreg™
Patient Education
A
Carvedilol
- Patient should avoid activities requiring coordination until drug effects are realized, as drug may cause dizziness.
- This drug may cause diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, arthralgia, back pain, myalgia, headache, vision disorder, erectile dysfunction, reduced libido, or fatigue.
- Instruct patient to report signs/symptoms of adverse cardiovascular effects such as hypotension (especially in elderly patients), arrhythmias, syncope, palpitations, angina, or edema.
- Drug may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia. Advise diabetic patients to carefully monitor blood sugar levels.
- Patient should take drug with food.
- Advise patient against sudden discontinuation of drug.
16
Q
Cardizem™
Pharmacologic Category
A
Diltiazem
Calcium Channel Blocker
17
Q
Cardizem™
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
A
Diltiazem
- Atrial arrythmia
- Hypertension
- Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
- Stable angina, chronic
18
Q
Cardizem™
Adverse Effects
A
Diltiazem
- Bradyarrhythmia
- Peripheral edema
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Cough
- Fatigue
19
Q
Cardizem™
Dosage Forms
A
Diltiazem
- Tablet
- 30mg
- 60mg
- 90mg
- 120mg
- ER Tablets
- 180mg
- 240mg
- 300mg
- 360mg
- 420
- Capsules
- IV
20
Q
Cardizem™
Patient Education
A
Diltiazem
- Patient should avoid activities requiring coordination until drug effects are realized, as drug may cause dizziness.
- This drug may cause gingival hyperplasia, headache, or dermatologic reactions such as exfoliative dermatitis (reddened skin, skin peeling/flaking) or erythema multiforme (flu-like symptoms, spreading red rash, may progress to more severe form with blistering).
- Instruct patient to report symptomatic hypotension, bradyarrhythmia, peripheral edema, or syncope.
- Advise patient against sudden discontinuation of drug.
- This drug is available in multiple brand names with varying properties by brand. Instruct patient to follow administration instructions specific to the prescribed brand with regards to meals and timing.
- Patient should avoid concomitant use of beta-blockers or digitalis during drug therapy, unless otherwise directed by healthcare professional.
- Patient should not drink alcohol while taking this drug.
21
Q
Lasix™
Pharmacologic Category
A
Furosemide
- Diuretic
- Anthranilic Acid Derivative
22
Q
Lasix™
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
A
Furosemide
- Congestive heart failure – edema
- Edema
- Renal failure – edema
- Hypertension
- Pulmonary embolism, acute; adjunct
23
Q
Lasix™
Adverse Effects
A
Furosemide
- Hyperuricemia
- Hypomagnesemia
- Loss of appetite
- Spasm of bladder
24
Q
Lasix™
Dosage Forms
A
Furosemide
- Tablet
- 20mg
- 40mg
- 80mg
25
Lasix™
Patient Education
Furosemide
* Drug causes sun-sensitivity. Advise patient to use sunscreen and avoid tanning beds.
* Patient should avoid activities requiring coordination until drug effects are realized, as drug may cause dizziness, vertigo, or blurred vision.
* This drug may cause hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, constipation, diarrhea, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, purpuric disorder, cramps, spasticity, asthenia, headache, paresthesia, or scaling eczema.
* Instruct patient to report unusual bleeding/bruising or signs/symptoms of hypotension, infection, pancreatitis, or ototoxicity (tinnitus, hearing impairment).
* Advise patient to report signs/symptoms of a severe skin reactions (flu-like symptoms, spreading red rash, or skin/mucous membrane blistering) or erythema multiforme.
* Instruct patient to eat high-potassium foods during drug therapy, as directed by healthcare professional.
* Patient should not drink alcohol while taking this drug.
26
Microzide™
Pharmacologic Category
Hydrochlorothiazide
Diuretic
27
Microzide™
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
Hydrochlorothiazide
* Edema; adjunct
* Hypertension
28
Microzide™
Adverse Effects
Hydrochlorothiazide
* Hypotension
* Phototoxicity
* Vertigo
29
Microzide™
Dosage Forms
Hydrochlorothiazide
* Capsule
* 12.5mg
* Tablet
* 12.5mg
* 25mg
* 50mg
30
Microzide™
Patient Education
Hydrochlorothiazide
* Warn patient to avoid activities requiring mental alertness or coordination until drug effects are realized, as drug may cause blurred vision, vertigo, or dizziness.
* Drug may cause electrolyte imbalances (hyperuricemia, hyponatremia, hypercalcemia), constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, paresthesias, muscle spasm, photosensitivity, rash, restlessness, or impotence.
* Advise patient to report signs/symptoms of acute transient myopia associated with acute angle-closure glaucoma, including sudden ocular pain or decreased visual acuity.
* Counsel diabetic patient to monitor for signs/symptoms of hyperglycemia and to report difficulties with glycemic control.
* Tell patient to maintain adequate hydration, especially with exercise, sweating, diarrhea, or vomiting.
* Advise patient to report signs/symptoms of hypotension, hypokalemia, or hypomagnesemia.
* Instruct patient to avoid alcohol while taking drug as orthostatic hypotension may be aggravated.
* Warn patient that there are multiple significant drug-drug interactions for this drug and to consult a healthcare professional prior to new drug use (including over-the-counter and herbal drugs).
31
Prinivil™
Pharmacologic Category
Lisinopril
ACE Inhibitor
32
Prinivil™
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
Lisinopril
* Acute myocardial infarction
* Heart failure; adjunct
* Hypertension
33
Prinivil™
Adverse Effects
Lisinopril
* Chest pain
* Hypotension
* Syncope
* Dizziness
* Headache
* Cough
34
Prinivil™
Dosage Forms
Lisinopril
* Tablet
* 2.5mg
* 5mg
* 10mg
* 20mg
* 30mg
* 40mg
35
Prinivil™
Patient Education
Lisinopril
* This drug may cause nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, or angioedema of face, lips, throat, or intestines.
* Instruct patient to report signs/symptoms of hypotension, or a persistent cough.
* Advise patient against sudden discontinuation of drug.
36
Cozaar™
Pharmacologic Category
Losartan
Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker
37
Cozaar™
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
Losartan
* Cerebrovascular accident
* In hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, prophylaxis
* Diabetic neuropathy
* T2DM
* History of hypertension
* Hypertension
38
Cozaar™
Adverse Effects
Losartan
* Backache
* Dizziness
* Cough
* Nasal congestion
* Upper respiratory infection
39
Cozaar™
Dosage Forms
Losartan
* Tablet
* 25mg
* 50mg
* 100mg
40
Cozaar™
Patient Education
Losartan
* Warn female patient to avoid pregnancy and to report a pregnancy that occurs during therapy.
* Side effects may include dizziness, upper respiratory infection, nasal congestion, and back pain.
* Warn patient to avoid use of potassium supplements or potassium-containing salt substitutes unless they consult healthcare provider.
41
Lopressor™
Pharmacologic Category
Metoprolol tartrate
Beta-Adrenergic Blocker
42
Lopressor™
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
Metoprolol tartrate
* Acute myocardial infarction
* Angina pectoris
* Hypertension
43
Lopressor™
Adverse Effects
Metoprolol tartrate
* Bradyarrhythmia
* Hypotension
* Dizziness
44
Lopressor™
Dosage Forms
Metoprolol tartrate
* Tablet
* 25mg
* 37.5mg
* 50mg
* 75mg
* 100mg
* IV
* 1mg/ml
45
Lopressor™
Patient Education
Metoprolol tartrate
* Patient should avoid activities requiring coordination until drug effects are realized, as drug may cause dizziness.
* This drug may cause diarrhea, depression, or fatigue.
* Advise patient to report signs/symptoms of cardiac failure. This drug may precipitate or exacerbate cardiac failure in CHF patients.
* Tell patient to report signs/symptoms of arrhythmias or hypotension.
* Drug may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia. Advise diabetics to report difficulties with glycemic control.
* Patient should take extended-release tablet with or immediately following meals.
* Advise patient against sudden interruption or discontinuation of drug, as this may exacerbate angina or cause myocardial infarction. Sudden discontinuation by patients with thyrotoxicosis may precipitate thyroid storm.
* Instruct patient to take a missed dose as soon as possible, but if next dose is in less than 4 h, skip the missed dose.
46
Aldactone™
Pharmacologic Category
Spironolactone
Renal Competitive Aldosterone Antagonist
47
Aldactone™
FDA Approved Indications/Uses
Spironolactone
* Cirrhosis of liver—edema
* Edema—nephrotic syndrome
* Heart failure
* NYHA Class III or IV
* Hyperaldosteronism
* Hypertension; add-on therapy
48
Aldactone™
Adverse Effects
Spironolactone
* Gynecomastia
* Diarrhea
* Nausea
* Vomiting
* Somnolence
* Disorder of menstruation
* Erectile dysfunction
49
Aldactone™
Dosage Forms
Spironolactone
* Tablet
* 25mg
* 50mg
* 100mg
50
Aldactone™
Patient Education
Spironolactone
* Warn patient to report dehydration, hypotension, or symptoms of worsening renal function.
* Counsel male patient to report gynecomastia.
* Side effects may include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, fever, leg cramps, lethargy, mental confusion, decreased libido, irregular menses, and rash.
* Suspension: Tell patient to take drug consistently with respect to food, either before or after a meal.
* Advise patient to avoid potassium supplements and foods containing high levels of potassium, including salt substitutes.
