1. Atomic Structure

Question 1

Substances are all made of tiny particles, these are called…

Answer 1

Atoms

Question 2

Substances made of only one type of atom are called…

Answer 2

Elements

Question 3

All of the symbols for elements are arranged and displayed on the…

Answer 3

Periodic Table

Question 4

The columns in the periodic table are called…

Answer 4

Groups

Question 5

On the left of the periodic table are…

Answer 5

Metals

Question 6

On the right of the periodic table are…

Answer 6

Non-Metals

Question 7

The structure of an atom is…

Answer 7

A central nucleus with electrons orbiting it in shells

Question 8

Compounds contain…

Answer 8

More than one type of atom

Question 9

Chemical equations show…

Answer 9

The reactants (what you start with) and products (what you end up with)

Question 10

CaCO3 —> CaO + CO2 is an example of…

Answer 10

A balanced symbol equation showing calcium carbonate decomposing

Question 11

What is the law of conservation of mass?

Answer 11

The total mass of the products formed in a reaction is equal to the total mass of the reactants

Question 12

What are state symbols?

Answer 12

State symbols give extra information about the equation, they include (s), (l), (g), and (aq)

Question 13

How would you balance the equation H2 + O2 —> H2O?

Answer 13

2H2 + O2 —> 2H2O

Question 14

In a chemical reaction, atoms are never…

Answer 14

created or destroyed

Question 15

What is a mixture?

Answer 15

Something made up of two or more substances that are not chemically combined together

Question 16

Mixtures can be separated by physical means such as…

Answer 16

filtration, crystallisation and simple distillation

Question 17

What is fractional distillation?

Answer 17

An effective way of separating miscible liquids using a fractionating column

Question 18

What makes fractional distillation possible?

Answer 18

The different boiling points of liquids in a mixture

Question 19

What is paper chromatography?

Answer 19

A way of separating mixtures of substances by using a solvent

Question 20

What makes paper chromatography possible?

Answer 20

The different solubilities of the substances in the solvent

Question 21

How did John Dalton describe an atom in the 1800s?

Answer 21

A tiny hard sphere that could not be split or divided

Question 22

What did J.J. Thomson discover?

Answer 22

The electron

Question 23

What was Thomson’s ‘Plum Pudding’ model of the atom?

Answer 23

A cloud of positive charge with negative electrons embedded within it

Question 24

Which scientists conducted the alpha particle experiment that changed the plum pudding model?

Answer 24

Geiger and Marsden

Question 25

Who proposed the existence of the nucleus of an atom and therefore created a new model of the atom?

Answer 25

Rutherford

Question 26

Who discovered electron shells?

Answer 26

Niels Bohr

Question 27

Who discovered neutrons in 1932?

Answer 27

James Chadwick

Question 28

What is the relative charge of a proton?

Answer 28

+1 (positive)

Question 29

What is the relative charge of an electron?

Answer 29

-1 (negative)

Question 30

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

Answer 30

0 (neutral)

Question 31

What is the relative mass of a proton?

Answer 31

1

Question 32

What is the relative mass of an electron?

Answer 32

very small, almost 0

Question 33

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

Answer 33

1

Question 34

The atomic number of an atom is the...

Answer 34

number of protons in the atom, this is the same as the number of electrons

Question 35

The mass number of an atom is the...

Answer 35

number of protons + the number of neutrons

Question 36

How is an ion created?

Answer 36

When an atom gains or loses an electron

Question 37

What is an isotope?

Answer 37

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Question 38

How many electrons does the electron shell closest to the nucleus hold?

Answer 38

2

Question 39

How many electrons does the other electron shells of an atom hold?

Answer 39

8

Question 40

The number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom...

Answer 40

determines the way in which that element will react and is the same as the Group it is in on the periodic table.