1. Atomic Structure & The Periodic Table

Question 1

How do you work out the mass number?

Answer 1

number of neutrons + number of protons

Question 2

What happens when you get more electrons?

Answer 2

You get more shells

Question 3

How do you work out the atomic number?

Answer 3

Number of protons = number of electrons

Question 4

How do you work out the number of neutrons?

Answer 4

Mass number - Atomic Number

Question 5

What are isotopes?

Answer 5

Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons

Question 6

What is the radius of an atom?

Answer 6

1x10m to the -10

Question 7

What is the electronic configuration?

Answer 7

1st shell - 2 electrons

2nd shell - 8 electrons

3rd shell - 8 electrons

4th shell - 8 electrons

Question 8

What does the number of shells determine/equal?

Answer 8

Period number

Question 9

What does number of outer electrons determine/equal?

Answer 9

Group number

Question 10

Why are noble gases unreactive?

Answer 10

Because they have a full outer shell

Question 11

Can noble gases form compounds?

Answer 11

No, they are unreactive

Question 12

What is a compound?

Answer 12

1 or more different types of atom that are chemically bonded

Question 13

What is an atom?

Answer 13

The smallest part of any substance

Question 14

What is an element?

Answer 14

A substance that contains one type of atom

Question 15

What is a molecule?

Answer 15

Contains 2 or more atoms joined together that are either the same or different

Question 16

What is a mixture?

Answer 16

A substance that is made of 2 or more substances (elements or compounds) that haven’t been chemically combined.

Question 17

What is an ionic compound?

Answer 17

a compound that contains metal and non-metal atoms

Question 18

What is a covalent compound?

Answer 18

a compound that contains only non metals

Question 19

What are examples of sub-atomic particles?

Answer 19

Proton
Neutron
Electron
Nucleus
Shell (energy level)

Question 20

What was the plum pudding theory?

Answer 20

The atom was imagined as a sphere of positive charge (pudding) with negatively charged electrons dotted around inside (plums)

Question 21

What state are noble gases as room temperature?

Answer 21

they’re colourless gases

Question 22

What is the pattern of boiling point in noble gases?

Answer 22

The boiling point increases down the group

Question 23

What does fizz show when an alkaline metal has reacted?

Answer 23

A gas has been given off

Question 24

Equation for when an alkaline metal reacts with oxygen?

Answer 24

metal + oxygen -> metal oxide

Question 25

Equation for when an alkaline metal reacts with water?

Answer 25

metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 26

What happens to the density in group 1 metals?

Answer 26

It increases down the group

Question 27

What happens to melting and boiling point in group 1 metals?

Answer 27

It decreases down the group

Question 28

What happens to the density of transition metals down the group?

Answer 28

They are consistently high and they increase down the group

Question 29

What is the trend in melting and boiling point down group 7?

Answer 29

Down the group the boiling and melting points increase

Question 30

What happens to the reactivity as you go down group 7?

Answer 30

It decreases

Question 31

What type of mixture is separated when decanting?

Answer 31

* insoluble solid from a liquid | * liquid from an unsoluble solid

Question 32

What type of mixture is separated in filtration?

Answer 32

* liquid from an insoluble solid | * insoluble liquid from solid

Question 33

What type of mixture is separated in evaporation?

Answer 33

• solute from a solution

Question 34

What type of substance/mixture is separated in simple distillation?

Answer 34

In simple distillation, it separates 2 liquids with different boiling points. (can also separate a solute from a solvent when the solvent has a lower b.p)

Question 35

What type of substance/mixture is separated in fractional distillation?

Answer 35

Mixture of miscible liquids (lots of liquids with different boiling points)

Question 36

What type of mixture is separated with a separating funnel?

Answer 36

Mixture of immiscible liquids

Question 37

What type of mixture is separated in chromatography?

Answer 37

Mixture of soluble solids

Question 38

Example of the solvent?

Answer 38

Water

Question 39

Example of the solute?

Answer 39

Salt

Question 40

Example of products after decanting?

Answer 40

Water from sand

Question 41

Example of products after filtration?

Answer 41

Water from sand

Question 42

Example of products after evaporation?

Answer 42

Salt from salt solution

Question 43

Example of products after distillation?

Answer 43

Water from salt solution Ethanol and water Alcohol from sugar dissolved in alcohol

Question 44

Example of products after fractional distillation?

Answer 44

Petrol and diesel from crude oil Ethanol and water

Question 45

Example of products after using a separating funnel?

Answer 45

Oil and water

Question 46

Example of products after chromatography?

Answer 46

Mixture of separated food dyes

Question 47

Properties of transition metals?

Answer 47

Have ions with different charges, useful as catalysts, form coloured compounds, not very reactive, high melting points, strong and hard

Question 48

How are elements in the periodic table arranged today?

Answer 48

Atomic number

Question 49

Before discovery of sub atomic particles, how was the periodic table arranged?

Answer 49

Atomic mass

Question 50

What were the early problems with the periodic table?

Answer 50

Not many elements discovered, atomic weights were inaccurate, no gaps left for unknowns, not every element followed the pattern

Question 51

How did Mendeleev overcome each problem with his periodic table?

Answer 51

Followed the pattern, left spaces for new elements (and predicted unknowns)

Question 52

What happened for scientists to believe Mendeleev's theory?

Answer 52

Discovered a new element that fitted his prediction

Question 53

How did Newlands contribute to the making of the periodic table?

Answer 53

- John Newlands was the first chemist to devise a periodic table. - Newlands' periodic table was ordered by the mass of the element. - But, the table was incomplete and some elements were placed in inappropriate groups.

Question 54

How did Mendeleev contribute to the making of the periodic table?

Answer 54

-Dmitri Mendleev

Question 55

What are group 0 elements known as?

Answer 55

noble gases

Question 56

What are group 1 elements known as?

Answer 56

Alkali metals

Question 57

What are group 7 elements known as?

Answer 57

halogens

Question 58

What are the properties of group 1 metals?

Answer 58

- more reactive than transition metals, react more vigorously with water, oxygen or group 7 elements - less dense, strong, hard and lower melting points than transition metals

Question 59

what do alkali metals form when they react with non-metals?

Answer 59

ionic compounds

Question 60

what compounds do halogens form when they react with non-metals?

Answer 60

molecular compounds

Question 61

what sort of bonds do halogens form with metals?

Answer 61

ionic bonds