1-B: First set of very basic vocabulary Flashcards
Some initial everyday words, mostly nouns, "is/not", some key places. (86 cards)
1
Q
tha
A
is/am/are
(descriptive)
present tense
This is the “to be” of description (a “to be” of identity will be introduced later).
By itself, also means “Yes.”
2
Q
is/am/are
(descriptive)
A
tha
present tense
This is the “to be” of description (a “to be” of identity will be introduced later).
By itself, also means “Yes.”
3
Q
chan eil
A
is/am/are not,
isn’t/aren’t
present tense
By itself, also means “No.”
4
Q
is/am/are not,
isn’t/aren’t
A
chan eil
present tense
By itself, also means “No.”
5
Q
halò
Also hallò.
A
hello
6
Q
hello
A
halò
Also hallò.
7
Q
tìoraidh
A
bye
informal
Mnemonic: derived from British English “cheerio”.
8
Q
bye
informal
A
tìoraidh
Mnemonic: derived from British English “cheerio”.
9
Q
agus
A
and
10
Q
and
A
agus
11
Q
no
A
or
12
Q
or
A
no
13
Q
le
A
with
Many other meanings: “by (means of)”, “using”, “in possession of”, “in favour of”, etc. But use of these comes later.
14
Q
with
A
le
Many other meanings: “by (means of)”, “using”, “in possession of”, “in favour of”, etc. But use of these comes later.
15
Q
taing
A
thanks
casual
16
Q
thanks
casual
A
taing
17
Q
brot
m.; gen. brota, pl. brotan
A
soup, broth
brùth is another word for “broth”, that doesn’t also mean “soup”.
18
Q
soup, broth
A
brot
m.; gen. brota, pl. brotan
brùth is another word for “broth”, that doesn’t also mean “soup”.
19
Q
iasg
m.; gen. & pl. èisg
A
fish
Mnemonic: cognate with Greek “ichthys”, English “ichthyo-“.
20
Q
fish
A
iasg
m.; gen. & pl. èisg
Mnemonic: cognate with Greek “ichthys”, English “ichthyo-“.
21
Q
tì
f.; pl. tìtheachan
A less common equivalent is teatha (f., pl. teathachan).
A
tea
22
Q
tea
A
tì
f.; pl. tìtheachan
A less common equivalent is teatha (f., pl. teathachan).
23
Q
cofaidh
m.; pl. cofaidhean
A
coffee
24
Q
coffee
A
cofaidh
m.; pl. cofaidhean
25
*aran*
| m.; gen. *arain*
bread
## Footnote
Note: *aran-flùir* is also used, for "wheat-flour bread", not made of oat flour.
26
bread
*aran*
| m.; gen. *arain*
## Footnote
Note: *aran-flùir* is also used, for "wheat-flour bread", not made of oat flour.
27
*math*
| Lenited as *mhath*. Your first word with lenition!
## Footnote
comp. **irregular**: *fhearr*
good
## Footnote
As a noun (m., gen. *maith*), can mean "goodness", "advantage", "use/utility", "produce", or "profit".
28
good
*math*
| Lenited as *mhath*. Your first word with lenition!
## Footnote
comp. **irregular**: *fhearr*.
As a noun (m., gen. *maith*), can mean "goodness", "advantage", "use/utility", "produce", or "profit".
29
*blasta*
| comp. same
tasty, delicious;
savoury, succulent;
agreeable
## Footnote
More metaphoric meanings include "eloquent" and "tasteful".
The adv. phrase *blasta air*, means "fond of, keen on".
30
tasty, delicious;
savoury, succulent;
agreeable
*blasta*
| comp. same
## Footnote
More metaphoric meanings include "eloquent" and "tasteful".
The adv. phrase *blasta air*, means "fond of, keen on".
31
*tomàto*
| m., pl. *tomàtothan*
tomato
32
tomato
*tomàto*
| m., pl. *tomàtothan*
33
*ìm*
| m.; gen. *ìme*
butter
34
butter
*ìm*
| m.; gen. *ìme*
35
*hama*
| f.; pl. *hamaichean*
ham, bacon
## Footnote
Another "bacon" word is *beucoin*.
36
ham, bacon
*hama*
| f.; pl. *hamaichean*
## Footnote
Another "bacon" word is *beucoin*.
37
*uisge*
| m.
water
## Footnote
In many stock phrases, it more specifically means "rain".
38
water
*uisge*
| m.
## Footnote
In many stock phrases, it more specifically means "rain".
39
*càise*
| m.; pl. *càisean*
cheese
## Footnote
**Mnemonic**: cognate with Spanish "queso", German "Käse".
40
cheese
*càise*
| m.; pl. *càisean*
## Footnote
**Mnemonic**: cognate with Spanish "queso", German "Käse".
41
*forca*
| f.; gen *fuirce*, pl. *forcan*.
fork
## Footnote
Also just *forc* (more often the verb "to fork").
42
fork
*forca*
| f.; gen *fuirce*, pl. *forcan*.
## Footnote
Also just *forc* (more often the verb "to fork").
43
*spàin*
| f.; gen. *spàine*, pl. *spàinean*
spoon
44
spoon
*spàin*
| f.; gen. *spàine*, pl. *spàinean*
45
*cèic*
| f.; gen. *cèice*, pl. *cèicean*
cake
46
cake
*cèic*
| f.; gen. *cèice*, pl. *cèicean*
47
*biadh*
| m.; gen. *bìdh*, pl. *biadhan*
food / meal
48
food / meal
*biadh*
| m.; gen. *bìdh*, pl. *biadhan*
49
*rìs*
| m.
## Footnote
Also *reis*, *rus* (gen. *ruis*).
rice
50
rice
*rìs*
| m.
## Footnote
Also *reis*, *rus* (gen. *ruis*).
51
*salann*
| m.; gen. & pl. *salainn*
salt
52
salt
*salann*
| m.; gen. & pl. *salainn*
53
*piobair*
| m. Also just *piobar*; gen. *piobair*.
pepper
| Black pepper, not chili peppers.
## Footnote
However, the distinction between *piobair* and the other (capsicum) kind, *peabar*, is not well-maintained.
Not to be confused with *pìobaire*, "bagpiper".
54
pepper
| Black pepper, not chili peppers.
*piobair*
| m. Also just *piobar*; gen. *piobair*.
## Footnote
However, the distinction between *piobair* and the other (capsicum) kind, *peabar*, is not well-maintained.
Not to be confused with *pìobaire*, "bagpiper".
55
*Alba*
| f.
## Footnote
/ALL-ə-pə/ or even /ALL-ə-peh/
Scotland
## Footnote
**Important!** This has the "Gaelic helping vowel", and the /b/ → /p/ shift, and schwa-ization of the final vowel: /ALL-ə-pə/, sometimes even /ALL-ə-peh/. Some of these effects remain even in derived words like *Albannach* ("Scottish"), /ALL-ə-pan-akh/, but are absent from unrelated words like *albatras* ("albatross"), /ALL-ba-trəs/.
Pronunciation closer to /ALL-ə-**b**ə/ with only a partial p-shift is not unknown. Same with /ALL-ə-p**a**/, so probably also /ALL-ə-**ba**/.
56
Scotland
*Alba*
| f.; /ALL-ə-pə/ or even /ALL-ə-peh/
## Footnote
**Important!** This has the "Gaelic helping vowel", and the /b/ → /p/ shift, and schwa-ization of the final vowel: /ALL-ə-pə/, sometimes even /ALL-ə-peh/. Some of these effects remain even in derived words like *Albannach* ("Scottish"), /ALL-ə-pan-akh/, but are absent from unrelated words like *albatras* ("albatross"), /ALL-ba-trəs/.
Pronunciation closer to /ALL-ə-**b**ə/ with only a partial p-shift is not unknown. Same with /ALL-ə-p**a**/, so probably also /ALL-ə-**ba**/.
57
*bainne*
| m.
milk
58
milk
*bainne*
| m.
59
*siùcar*
| m., gen. *siùcair*
sugar
60
sugar
*siùcar*
| m., gen. *siùcair*
61
*mi*
I / me
62
I / me
*mi*
63
*thu*
you
(singular, informal)
## Footnote
As learned later, may take other forms depending on grammar, e.g. *thusa*, *tusa*.
64
you
(singular, informal)
| singular, informal
*thu*
## Footnote
As learned later, may take other forms depending on grammar, e.g. *thusa*, *tusa*.
65
*sailead*
| m., gen. *saileid*, pl. *saileadan*
salad
## Footnote
Just *salad* is also used.
66
salad
*sailead*
| m., gen. *saileid*, pl. *saileadan*
## Footnote
Just *salad* is also used.
67
*buntàta*
| m., pl. same
## Footnote
Variants: *putàta*, *puntàta*, *muntàta*.
potato
68
potato
*buntàta*
| m., pl. same.
## Footnote
Variants: *putàta*, *puntàta*, *muntàta*.
69
*Sasann*
| f.; gen. *Sasainn*
## Footnote
May also be *Sasainn* as non-genitive.
England
## Footnote
The gentitive form *Sasainn* is often used as the base name instead of *Sasann*; probably a matter of dialect. (This does not apply to all such names.)
70
England
*Sasann*
| f.; gen. *Sasainn*
## Footnote
The gentitive form *Sasainn* is often used as the base name instead of *Sasann*; probably a matter of dialect. (This does not apply to all such names.)
71
caileag
| f., gen. *caileige*, pl. *caileagan*
girl
## Footnote
There are other "lass" words in the range of "little girl" to "young woman", but they'll come later.
72
girl
caileag
| f., gen. *caileige*, pl. *caileagan*
## Footnote
There are other "lass" words in the range of "little girl" to "young woman", but they'll come later.
73
*balach*
| m., gen. & pl. *balaich*
boy
## Footnote
**Mnemonic:** Sounds a bit like "bollock" (i.e. testicle).
There are other "lad" words in the range of "little boy" to "young man", but they'll come later.
74
boy
*balach*
| m., gen. & pl. *balaich*
## Footnote
**Mnemonic:** Sounds a bit like "bollock" (i.e. testicle).
There are other "lad" words in the range of "little boy" to "young man", but they'll come later.
75
*cat*
| m., gen. & pl. *cait*
## Footnote
Bonus: what are *cullach* (m.; gen. & pl. *cullaich*); *moth-chat* (m.; gen. & pl. *moth-chait*); and *cat fireann* (m.; gen. & pl. *cait fireann*)?
cat
## Footnote
Bonus: "tomcat" can be *cullach*; *moth-chat* (lit. "male/penis-cat"); or *cat fireann* (lit. "male/masculine cat"). May vary by dialect.
76
cat
## Footnote
Bonus: what are some terms for "tomcat"?
*cat*
| m., gen. & pl. *cait*
## Footnote
Bonus: "tomcat" can be *cullach* (m.; gen. & pl. *cullaich*); *moth-chat* (m.; gen. & pl. *moth-chait*; lit. "male/penis-cat"); or *cat fireann* (m.; gen. & pl. *cait fireann*; lit. "male/masculine cat"). May vary by dialect.
77
*cù*
| m.; gen. & pl. *coin*, gen. pl. *con*
## Footnote
Bonus: what are *galla* (f.; pl. *galachan*), *saidh* (f.; gen. *saidhe*, pl. *saidhean*), and *sadhan* (m.; gen. & pl. *sadhain*)?
dog
## Footnote
Bonus: "bitch (female dog)" = *galla*, *saidh*, or *sadhan*. Probably varies by dialect. Weirdly, the last of these is grammatically masculine.
78
dog
## Footnote
Bonus: what are terms for "bitch (female dog)"?
*cù*
| m.; gen. & pl. *coin*, gen. pl. *con*
## Footnote
Bonus: "bitch" can be *galla* (f.; pl. *galachan*), *saidh* (f.; gen. *saidhe*, pl. *saidhean*), or *sadhan* (m.; gen. & pl. *sadhain*). Probably varies by dialect. Weirdly, the last of these is grammatically masculine.
79
*tidsear*
| m.; gen. *tidseir*, pl. *tidsearan*
## Footnote
Sometimes written *tìdsear*, gen. *tìdseir*, pl. *tìdsearan*.
teacher
80
teacher
*tidsear*
| m.; gen. *tidseir*, pl. *tidsearan*
## Footnote
Sometimes written *tìdsear*, gen. *tìdseir*, pl. *tìdsearan*
81
pàrant
| m.; gen. *pàraint*, pl. *pàrantan*
parent
82
parent
pàrant
| m.; gen. *pàraint*, pl. *pàrantan*
83
*beag*
| **Irregular**: comp. *lugha*
small, little, minor, slight, petty
## Footnote
**False friend!** Looks and sounds much like English "big" but means the opposite.
See also *àrd*.
84
small, little, minor, slight, petty
*beag*
| **Irregular**: comp. *lugha*
## Footnote
**False friend!** Looks and sounds much like English "big" but means the opposite.
85
*mòr*
| **Irregular**: comp. *motha*
big, large, grand, tall, ample
## Footnote
Can also indicate things like "spacious", "high", "lofty", "bulky", or "in a large amount" / "a large quantity of".
See also *àrd*.
86
big, large, grand, tall, ample
## Footnote
Can also indicate things like "spacious", "high", "lofty", "bulky", or "in a large amount" / "a large quantity of".
*mòr*
| **Irregular**: comp. *motha*.
## Footnote
See also *àrd*.
