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MSK: Gross Anatomy Exam 1 > (1) Back Osteology > Flashcards

(1) Back Osteology Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

What is an example of a long bone?

A

Humerus/Femur

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2
Q

What are examples of short bones?

A

Tarsals/Carpals, cuboidal in shape

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3
Q

What is an example of a flat bone?

A

Squamous Skull, designed to protect the brain

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4
Q

What is an example of an irregular bone?

A

[Facial bones]

*not long, short or flat

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5
Q

What is an example of a sesamoid bone?

A

[Patella]

Embedded in tendon

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6
Q

What is an example of a sutural/wormian bone?

A

Amid skull sutures in the neurocranium

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7
Q

Anatomy of Long Bones:

Lable the following diagram

A
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8
Q

Anatomy of Long bones:

Describe anatomic location

Epiphysis

A

Portion of a bone furthest from the center

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9
Q

Anatomy of Long bones:

Describe anatomic location

Epiphyseal Plate

A

Cartilaginous region b/w EPIPHYSIS and METAPHYSIS

*Secondary ossification center

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10
Q

Anatomy of Long bones:

Describe anatomic location

Metaphysis

A

Flared region b/w Diaphysis and Epiphyseal plate

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11
Q

Anatomy of Long bones:

Describe anatomic location

Diaphysis

A

Central portion of a bone

*Primary ossification center

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12
Q

Anatomy of Long bones:

Describe anatomic location

Epiphyseal Line

A

Region b/w Metaphysis and Epiphysis after cessation of ossification

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13
Q

Anatomy of Long bones:

Compact bone

Where is it?

A

Outermost solid layer

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14
Q

Anatomy of Long bones:

Cancellous/Spongy Bone

Where is it? What is it?

A

Innermost sinusoidal layer

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15
Q

Anatomy of Long bones:

Medullary/Marrow Cavity

What is it? Where is it?

A

Replaces some of the Cancellous bone layer in adults

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16
Q

Global overview:

Where is the temporal bone on the skull?

A
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17
Q

Occipital Bone:

Label the Diagram

A
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18
Q

Where is the squamous aspect on the occipital bone?

A

Superior to the external occipital protuberance

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19
Q

Label the Occipital Bone Structures

A
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20
Q

How many cervical vertebrae?

A

7

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21
Q

Where are the cervical vertebrae?

A

Between Occipital B. and the Thoracic Vertebrae

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22
Q

What are the Atypical Cervical Vertebrae?

A

C1, C2 and C7

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23
Q

What vertebra is this?

A

C1 Atlas

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24
Q

What is the fracture associated with a fracture of the C1 Atlas?

A

Jefferson Fracture

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25
How does a Jefferson fracture occur?
Blow to the top of the head from a falling object or diving accident
26
Jefferson fracture, aka?
Burst fracture
27
T/F: A **Jefferson Fracture** will typically injure the spinal cord
FALSE: A Jefferson fracture typically WON'T injure the spinal cord
28
Label the following diagram: **Features of a Typical Vertebra**
29
Label the following diagram: Features of a **Typical Vertebra**
30
Cervical Vertebrae Unique Features
31
Identify this:
Cervical Vertebrae **C1 Atlas**
32
Identify the structures of the Cervical Vertebrae: **C1 Atlas**
33
Example of a:
Jefferson Fracture
34
Identify this:
Cervical Vertebrae: **C2 Axis**
35
What is the typical fracture in C2?
Hangman's Fracture
36
What is hangman's fracture?
Hyperextension of head on neck
37
Where specifically does Hangman's fracture occur?
Odontoid Process and Vertebral Arch
38
Identify the following:
Typical Cervical Vertebra
39
Which are the typical cervival vertebrae?
C3-C6
40
Identify the following
Typical Cervical Vertebrae C3-C6
41
CN: Describe: **SPINA BIFIDA OCCULTA**
Bony defect in 24% of population Developmental abnormality when vertebral lamina fail to fuse and close off vertebral canal Tuft of hair typically exists over defect Occurs at **L5-S1**
42
CN: WHERE on the spine does Spina Bifida occur?
L5-S1
43
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12
44
What are the unique features/common hallmarks of **Thoracic Verebrae?**
- Small round vertebral foramen - "Heart" shaped vertebral body
45
Identify what's in the image:
Typical Thoracic vertebra
46
CN: Since the articulating facets of the cervical certebrae are more \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, it requires _______ force to dislocate cervical vertebrae. However, due to the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, this ___________ in injury to the spinal cord
horizontal than the other vertebrae; less large vertebral foramen; does NOT usually result in
47
Function of Thoracic Vertebrae?
Provide attachment for the ribs
48
Thoracic Vertebrae: Where does the **Superior Costal Facet** meet with the rib?
SAME number rib; costal head
49
Thoracic Vertebrae: Where does the **Inferior Costal Facet** meet with the rib?
Meets with costal head one segment up
50
Thoracic Vertebrae: The head of each rib articulates with the _____________ of the thoracic vertebral segment above the rib number
Inferior Costal Demifacet
51
Thoracic Vertebrae The head of each rib articulates with the ____________ of the thoracic vertebral segment of the same number
Superior Costal Demifacet
52
Thoracic Vertebrae: The ___________ of the tubercle articulates with the thoracic vertebral segment that is the same as the rib number
Costal Articulating Facet
53
Identify the following:
Typical Thoracic Vertebrae
54
What are the **Typical Ribs?**
3rd-9th
55
What is spondylosis?
Degenerative joint disease; **calcification** of edges of the vertebral body **Separation** of the vertebra arch from the vertebral body=Spondylosis
56
What is **Spondylolisthesis?**
Anterior displacement of the vertebral body on the inferior vertebral segment \*Spondyloisthesis can occur secondarily to spondylolysis
57
Label the diagram:
58
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
5
59
What are the unique features of **lumbar vertebrae?**
- Large oval shaped vertebral foramen - Mammillary process - Accessory process - Long slender transverse process - "**Kidney"** shaped vertebral body
60
Identify the following:
Typical Lumbar vertebra
61
Identify the following:
Typical Lumbar vertebrae
62
Label the following:
63
CN: What is **Lumbar Spinal Stenosis?**
Narrowing of the Lumbar Vertebral Foramen -Can cause compression of one or more spinal nerve roots
64
What level does a lumbar puncture occur?
Between either **L3/L4** or **L4/L5**
65
What is the sacrum?
Essentially **5 fused vertebrae**
66
Label the diagram:
67
CN: What is sacralization?
Partial or complete incorporation of the L5 Vertebral segment into the sacrum
68
What is the Coccyx?
3-5 fused vertebrae; embryological remnant
69
Identify the following curvatures:
70
What does Kyphosis refer to?
Exaggerated curving of thoraci column: HUMP BACK
71
What does "Lordosis" refer to?
Exaggerated curving of the Lumbar Vertebrae SWAY BACK
72
What does "Scoliosis" refer to?
Lateral curving of spine

MSK: Gross Anatomy Exam 1 (12 decks)

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