1 Basics

Question 1

Slow vs fast vs really fast processes

Answer 1

Slow is biosynthesis of NEW molecules

Fast is covalent modif of EXISTING molecules

Really fast is conformation changes to EXISTING molecules or diffusion

Question 2

Biological structures are made of what

Answer 2

Self assembling aggregates of molecules

Question 3

What determines the properties of a biological structure

Answer 3

The chemical structure of the component molecules

Question 4

Are covalent bonds usually stable under basic conditions? Spontaneous?

Answer 4

Yes, very stable

NO not spontaneous

Question 5

What are required to start biochemical reactions under basic conditions

Answer 5

Enzymes

Question 6

Are enzymes specific to a single reaction

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

Can enzymes be regulated

Answer 7

Yes

Question 8

What is enzyme coupling

Answer 8

When enzymes couple two reactions so that one can only occur when the other occurs at the same time

Question 9

Enzymes effect reaction rates and determine

Answer 9

Which reactions will occur under certain conditions

Question 10

Different cells have ______ enzymes

Answer 10

Different

Question 11

The enzymes present in a cell depends on

Answer 11

Which genes are activated and expressed in that cell

Question 12

What is a metabolic pathway

Answer 12

Ordered sequence of reactions

Question 13

Are metabolic pathways regulated

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

Each step of a pathway uses a ____ enzyme. Only one enzyme is_____ per pathway

Answer 14

Different

Regulated

Question 15

Types of reactions

Answer 15

Breakage/formation of c-c bond

Redox

Hydrolysis

Anhydride bond- opposite hydrolysis

Group transfer- amino, sulfhydryl, or phosphate

Question 16

Anabolic vs catabolic

Answer 16

Anabolic = Build ENDOgonic

Catabolic = destroy EXOgonic

Question 17

What provides the energy to drive anabolic pathways

Answer 17

The energy given off by the catabolic pathways

Question 18

What is the energy currency of a cell

Answer 18

ATP

Question 19

Where is the energy from fuel catabolism stored in atp

Answer 19

The phosphate bonds

Question 20

How are ATP phosphate bonds broken

Answer 20

Hydrolysis, they are coupled, directly or indirectly, to energy requiring reactions

Question 21

Breaking the gamma phosphate produces how much energy

Beta?

Both Beta and gamma?

Answer 21

7

10

14 kcal.mole

Question 22

ATP is exchanged Among cells

Answer 22

NOOOOOO

Each cell makes its own

Question 23

ATP is produced when

Answer 23

As needed, not much is stored

Question 24

In muscle cells what is a small amount of atp stored as

Answer 24

Creative phosphate

Question 25

Where does the energy to make atp come from

Answer 25

Oxidation

Question 26

Oxidation vs reduction

Answer 26

LEO GER

Question 27

Fe2+ —> Fe3+. + e-

Answer 27

Oxidation Loss of a single e- increased the positive charge to 3+

Question 28

H—c—o—H. ——>. C==O

Answer 28

Oxidation Gaining bonds to C is oxidation

Question 29

Are redox reactions coupled

Answer 29

Yes, they are Oxidation is always coupled to reduction When one molecule loses electrons the other must accept

Question 30

What is a common e- acceptor

Answer 30

NAD+

Question 31

Saturated vs unsaturated

Answer 31

S= Single bonds

Question 32

What oxidation reactions generate nearly all the energy during fuel metabolism

Answer 32

C to Alchohol to ald/ketone to carbon acid