1. Biological Molecules Flashcards
Complete to spec. (39 cards)
Name three disaccharides
Maltose sucrose and lactose
What monosaccharides make up sucrose
Glucose + fructose
What monosaccharides make up maltose
Glucose + glucose
What monosaccharides make up lactose
Glucose + galactose
Describe a hydrogen bond
A weak electrostatic force between two dipolar molecules
What is the primary structure of a protein. What type of bond is involved
The order of specific amino acids, held by peptide bonds
What is the secondary structure of a protein
When H-bonds form between the amino causing either:
an alpha-helix shape
or a beta-pleated sheet
what is the territory structure of a protein? what bonds are involved
The 3d shape of the polypeptide is dependent on the secondary structure
- h bonds
- ionic
- di sulfide
What does hydrophilic mean
Molecule has a charge, so it’s attracted to water
Describe the differences in alpha and beta glucoses
A-glucose has H group on top and OH bottom
B-glucose has H group on bottom and OH on top
Draw the structure of a protien
R
|
H2N——C—-COOH
|
H
What are the 4 uses of lipids
- Waterproofing
- Energy source
- Insulation
- Protection
Why are triglycerides better at storing energy than carbohydrates
High ratio of c-h (stores energy)
Give three properties of triglycerides relating to its function
Low energy to mass ratio, good for storage, storing a lot in small masses
Large, non polar = insoluble in water. Do not effect osmosis or water potential of cell
High ratio of h:o = source of water when oxidised
Describe the test for lipids
- 2cm of sample, 5cm of ethanol, shake
- Add water and shake
- Milky white emulsion indicates the presence of a lipid
Repeat with control, water instead of sample
What is the difference between reducing and non-reducing sugars?
a reducing sugar is able to donate electrons.
Describe structure of glycogen
- a-glucose polymer
- 1-4 glycosidic + 1-6
- ## highly branched
what is cellulose, and how does its structure help its function
Single, unbranched chain of alternating b glucoses
H bonds form between rows, tensile strength
Makes up microfibril in plant walls
what are the 5 components of an amino acid?
central carbon, R group, hydrogen, carboxyl group (COOH), amino group (HNH)
describe the test for NON-reducing sugars
- Add dilute hydrochloride acid to sample
- Neutralise solution with sodium hydrogen-carbonate
- Use litmus paper to identify when the solution has been neutralised,
- add a little more sodium hydrogen-carbonate
- Then carry out Benedict’s test as normal;
- positive = brick red
describe the INDUCED-FIT MODEL
active site and substrate have complementary shapes, active site must change slightly to bind to fit substrate and bind to form ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX.
what bond is formed between two monosaccharides?
glycosidic.
what is an isomer? apply to glucose.
- molecule with same molecular formula but structurally different
- ## a-glucose, b-glucose
draw the structures of a-glucose and b-glucose.
OH on bottom of a-glucose, top on b
