1-C: Second set of very basic vocabulary

Question 1

Gàidhlig

f. Often a’ Gàidhlig, in many constructions.

Answer 1

Gaelic

of the Scottish sort

Question 2

Gaelic

of the Scottish sort

Answer 2

Gàidhlig

f. Often a’ Gàidhlig, in many constructions.

Question 3

dona

Answer 3

bad

Question 4

bad

Answer 4

dona

Question 5

sibh

Answer 5

you
(plural or formal)

As learned later, may take other forms depending on grammar, e.g. sibhse.

Question 6

you
(plural or formal)

Answer 6

sibh

As learned later, may take other forms depending on grammar, e.g. sibhse.

Question 7

e

Answer 7

he

Question 8

he

Answer 8

e

Question 9

i

Answer 9

she or it

Question 10

she or it

Answer 10

i

Question 11

uisge-beatha

m.

Answer 11

whisky

Literally “water [of] life”, same as “aqua vitae”, “akvavit”, “akevitt”, “okowita”, “akvavitti”, etc. in many European languages.

Question 12

whisky

Answer 12

uisge-beatha

m.

Literally “water [of] life”, same as “aqua vitae”, “akvavit”, “akevitt”, “okowita”, “akvavitti”, etc. in many European languages.

Question 13

peabar

f., gen. peabrach, pl. peabraichean

Answer 13

pepper

Chili or bell peppers, not black pepper.

The distinction between peabar and piobair (black pepper) is not actually well-maintained.

Question 14

pepper

Chili or bell peppers, not black pepper.

Answer 14

peabar

f., gen. peabrach, pl. peabraichean

The distinction between peabar and piobair (black pepper) is not actually well-maintained.

Question 15

cnoc

m.; pl. cnuic

Another word for it is sìth (f., gen. sìthe, pl. sìthean).

Answer 15

hill

Question 16

hill

Answer 16

cnoc

m.; pl. cnuic.

Another “hill” word is sìth (f., gen. sìthe, pl. sìthean).

Question 17

eilean

m.; gen. eilein, pl. eileanan

Answer 17

island, isle

Question 18

island, isle

Answer 18

eilean

m.; gen. eilein, pl. eileanan

Question 19

sràid

f.; gen. sràide, pl. sràidean

Answer 19

street

Question 20

street

Answer 20

sràid

f.; gen. sràide, pl. sràidean

Question 21

rathad

m.; gen. rathaid, pl. rathaidean

Alternative: ròd (m., gen ròid, pl. ròidean).

Answer 21

road

Question 22

road

Answer 22

rathad

m.; gen. rathaid, pl. rathaidean

Alternative: ròd (m., gen ròid, pl. ròidean).

Question 23

Albannach

comp. Albannaiche

/ALL-ə-pan-akh/

Answer 23

Scottish

both adj. (“of Scotland”) & n. (“Scottish person”).

Important! /ALL-ə-pan-akh/ has both the “helping vowel” and the /b/ → /p/ shift of Alba (“Scotland”, /ALL-ə-pə/) and other Scotland-related words.

Question 24

Scottish

Answer 24

Albannach

comp. Albannaiche; both adj. (“of Scotland”) & n. (“Scottish person”).

Important! /ALL-ə-pan-akh/ has both the “helping vowel” and the /b/ → /p/ shift of Alba (“Scotland”, /ALL-ə-pə/) and other Scotland-related words.

Question 25

*Rìoghachd Aonaichte* (*RA*), *an Rìoghachd Aonaichte*

Answer 25

United Kingdom (UK), the United Kingdom

Question 26

United Kingdom (UK), the United Kingdom | f.

Answer 26

*Rìoghachd Aonaichte* (*RA*), *an Rìoghachd Aonaichte* | f.

Question 27

*Breatann* | f.; gen. *Breatainn* or *Breatainne*

Answer 27

Britain

Question 28

Britain

Answer 28

*Breatann* | f.; gen. *Breatainn* or *Breatainne*

Question 29

*Breatann Mhòr*, *a' Bhreatann Mhòr* | f.; gen. *Breatainn Mhòr*, *Breatainne Mòire*

Answer 29

Great Britain

Question 30

Great Britain

Answer 30

*Breatann Mhòr*, *a' Bhreatann Mhòr* | f.; gen. *Breatainn Mhòr*, *Breatainne Mòire*

Question 31

*Sasannach* | m.; gen. & pl. *Sasannaich*, comp. *Sasannaiche*

Answer 31

English ## Footnote **The language: *Beurla*.**

Question 32

English

Answer 32

*Sasannach* | m.; gen. & pl. *Sasannaich*, comp. *Sasannaiche* ## Footnote **The language: *Beurla*.**

Question 33

*ban-*, *bana-* | f. As in: *ban-Èireannach*, *bana-bharan*. Causes lenition. ## Footnote Which terms take *bana-* instead of *ban-* seems a bit arbitrary.

Answer 33

-woman, -ess | As in "Irishwoman", "baroness", etc.

Question 34

-woman, -ess | As in "Irishwoman", "baroness", etc.

Answer 34

*ban-*, *bana-* | f. As in: *ban-Èireannach*, *bana-bharan*. Causes lenition. ## Footnote Which terms take *bana-* instead of *ban-* seems a bit arbitrary.

Question 35

*bean* | f., **irregular**: gen. *mnà*, pl. *mnathan*, gen. pl. *ban*

Answer 35

woman / wife

Question 36

woman / wife

Answer 36

*bean* | f., **irregular**: gen. *mnà*, pl. *mnathan*, gen. pl. *ban*

Question 37

*fear* | m., gen. & pl. *fir*

Answer 37

man ## Footnote Specifically implies a male.

Question 38

man

Answer 38

*fear* | m., gen. & pl. *fir* ## Footnote Specifically implies a male.

Question 39

*duine* | m., pl. *daoine*

Answer 39

husband (also man, person) ## Footnote Unlike *fear*, can be used generically.

Question 40

husband (also man, person)

Answer 40

*duine* | m., pl. *daoine* ## Footnote Unlike *fear*, can be used generically.

Question 41

*cèile* | m., pl. *cèilean*

Answer 41

partner, significant other, spouse

Question 42

partner, significant other, spouse

Answer 42

*cèile* | m., pl. *cèilean*

Question 43

*ollamh* | m., gen. *ollaimh*, pl. *ollamhan*

Answer 43

professor ## Footnote Originally referred to a high-ranking bardic poet (*filidh*). Anglicized *proifeasair* (m., pl. *proifeasairean*) may also occur, esp. in reference to foreign academics.

Question 44

professor

Answer 44

*ollamh* | m.; gen. *ollaimh*, pl. *ollamhan* ## Footnote Originally referred to a high-ranking bardic poet (*filidh*). Anglicized *proifeasair* (m., pl. *proifeasairean*) may also occur, esp. in reference to foreign academics.

Question 45

*Dùn Èideann*

Answer 45

Edinburgh | Capital of Scotland. ## Footnote *dùn* = fort[ress]

Question 46

Edinburgh

Answer 46

*Dùn Èideann* | Capital of Scotland. ## Footnote *dùn* = fort[ress]

Question 47

*cèilidh* | f., gen. *cèilidhe*, pl. *cèilidhean*

Answer 47

A "ceili", a folk music and dance party ## Footnote Literally means "visit" and can still mean that in some contexts.

Question 48

A "ceili", a folk music and dance party

Answer 48

*cèilidh* | f., gen. *cèilidhe*, pl. *cèilidhean* ## Footnote Literally means "visit" and can still mean that in some contexts.

Question 49

*an, am, a', na*

Answer 49

the | Which to use depends on gender and first letter of the noun. ## Footnote And *na* can serve several unrelated roles, depending on the grammar. You'll learn these details later, but should at least be able to recognize these "the" words immediately since they are very frequent.

Question 50

the

Answer 50

*an, am, a', na* | Which to use depends on gender and first letter of the noun. ## Footnote And *na* can serve several unrelated roles, depending on the grammar. You'll learn these details later, but should at least be able to recognize these "the" words immediately since they are very frequent.

Question 51

*can* | nom. *cantainn*

Answer 51

[to] say | **Mnemonic**: cognate with "cant", "chant, "cantor", "incantation", etc. ## Footnote There are other terms for this but with broader meanings, e.g. *abair* (irreg. nom. *ràdh*) "say, speak, tell, utter", but we'll get into that later. *Can* is useful enough to start with.

Question 52

[to] say

Answer 52

*can* | nom. *cantainn* ## Footnote **Mnemonic**: cognate with "cant", "chant, "cantor", "incantation", etc. There are other terms for this but with broader meanings, e.g. *abair* (irreg. nom. *ràdh*) "say, speak, tell, utter", but we'll get into that later. *Can* is useful enough to start with.

Question 53

*seo* | pl. *iad seo*

Answer 53

this | pl. "these" ## Footnote *Seo* has other uses. By itself, *Seo!* is one way of saying "Yes!/Sure!/Right!" (*Tha!* is another, indicating "[It] is [so]"). You'll pick up more *seo* meanings later. There are dialectal longer ways to say "this/these" (and they start with *seo-*) but don't worry about them now.

Question 54

this | pl. "these"

Answer 54

*seo* | pl. *iad seo* ## Footnote *Seo* has other uses. By itself, *Seo!* is one way of saying "Yes!/Sure!/Right!" (*Tha!* is another, indicating "[It] is [so]"). You'll pick up more *seo* meanings later. There are dialectal longer ways to say "this/these" (and they start with *seo-*) but don't worry about them now.

Question 55

*càr* | m.; gen. *càir*, **pl. *càraichean***

Answer 55

car, automobile ## Footnote Confusingly, *càr* (gen. & **pl. *càir***) can also mean "friend" or "relative", but with a different plural, and there are other words for both.

Question 56

car, automobile

Answer 56

*càr* | m.; gen. *càir*, **pl. *càraichean*** ## Footnote Confusingly, *càr* (gen. & **pl. *càir***) can also mean "friend" or "relative", but with a different plural, and there are other words for both.

Question 57

*aonaichte* | comp. same

Answer 57

united | adj. ## Footnote Common in various country names and football/soccer team names. Can also mean "integrated". **Mnemonic**: is actually cognate; the root is *aonad*, "unit".

Question 58

united | adj.

Answer 58

*aonaichte* | comp. same ## Footnote Common in various country names and football/soccer team names. Can also mean "integrated". **Mnemonic**: is actually cognate; the root is *aonad*, "unit".

Question 59

*aonad* | m.; gen. *aonaid*, pl. *aonadan*

Answer 59

unit ## Footnote Used as a headword in various Gaelic-learning lesson plans. Also the root of a variety of words you'll pick up later, for "unity", "unitary", "unitarian", etc.; they're all cognate with English versions.

Question 60

unit

Answer 60

*aonad* | m.; gen. *aonaid*, pl. *aonadan* ## Footnote Used as a headword in various Gaelic-learning lesson plans. Also the root of a variety of words you'll pick up later, for "unity", "unitary", "unitarian", etc.; they're all cognate with English versions.

Question 61

*an Aonadh* | m.; gen. *an Aonaidh*

Answer 61

the Union (i.e., the UK) ## Footnote Lower-case, *aonadh* (m., gen. *aonaidh*, pl. *aonaidhean*) may mean "union", "unity", "merger"; or "the act of uniting", "the act of joining", "the act of merging".

Question 62

the Union (i.e., the UK)

Answer 62

*an Aonadh* | m.; gen. *an Aonaidh* ## Footnote Lower-case, *aonadh* (m., gen. *aonaidh*, pl. *aonaidhean*) may mean "union", "unity", "merger"; or "the act of uniting", "the act of joining", "the act of merging".