1 - Cells and Tissues - pages 45 to 51

Question 1

Name the 2 different types of cell reproduction?

Answer 1

Mitosis
Meiosis

Question 2

By what method do somatic cells reproduce

Answer 2

Mitosis

Question 3

By what method do gametes (sex cells) reproduce

Answer 3

Meiosis

Question 4

In Mitosis - what does one division create

Answer 4

2 identical daughter cells

Question 5

In Mitosis how many chromosomes are duplicated

Answer 5

46

Question 6

Which cells in the body cannot undergo Mitosis

Answer 6

Neurons

Question 7

Define Mitosis

Answer 7

somatic cells reproduce via mitosis to create to identical daughter cells to the original mother cell

Question 8

Define Meiosis

Answer 8

The process through which sex cells (gametes) are formed

Question 9

What is the process of Meiosis

Answer 9

A gamete produces 4 Haploid cells through 2 divisions

Question 10

Are the 4 haploid cells produced during Meiosis identical?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

Give two features of a Gamete cell

Answer 11

Haploid Nucleus
23 Chromosomes

Question 12

Give 2 features of a somatic cell

Answer 12

Diploid Nucleus
46 Chromosomes

Question 13

What is the name for a female gamete

Answer 13

Ovum

Question 14

What is the name for a male gamete

Answer 14

Sperm

Question 15

What is the name for the fusion of both a male and female gamete

Answer 15

Conception

Question 16

After conception what type of cell is the Zygote

Answer 16

Diploid
46 chromosomes

Question 17

After conception what process does the Zygote undergo to develop into an embryo, then foetus (after 8 weeks)

Answer 17

Mitosis

Question 18

Define a mutation

Answer 18

A change in the genetic information (DNA sequence)

Question 19

How can mutations occur?

Answer 19

By chance
By mutagenic agents eg smoking, vaccines, radiation

Question 20

Cells use the DNA code as a template for the synthesis of a protein. Name the 2 phases of protein synthesis.

Answer 20

Transcription
Translation

Question 21

Define Transcription in cellular protein synthesis

Answer 21

A copy of one gene is made into mRNA

Question 22

Define Translation in cellular protein synthesis

Answer 22

Ribosome reads the codes and produces a chain of amino acids to form the protein

Question 23

Name the 2 types of movement that occur in and out of cells.

Answer 23

Passive Transport
Active Transport

Question 24

Define Passive Transport

Answer 24

The movement of substances from an area of high to low concentration
(ie down the concentration gradient)

Question 25

Does passive transport require energy

Answer 25

No

Question 26

Name the 3 types of Passive Transport

Answer 26

Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion

Question 27

In Facilitated diffusion what aids the movement of substances

Answer 27

Transmembrane Proteins

Question 28

Define Active Transport

Answer 28

The movement of substances from an area of low to high concentration (up the conc gradient)

Question 29

Give 3 main examples of Active Transport

Answer 29

Pumps (sodium/potassium pump) Endocytosis Exocytosis

Question 30

Give an example of Diffusion

Answer 30

Gases - small molecules moving down the concentration gradient

Question 31

Give an example of Osmosis

Answer 31

Water - moving down the concentration gradient

Question 32

Give an example of facilitated diffusion

Answer 32

Glucose - larger molecules moving down the concentration gradient aided by transmembrane proteins.