1: characteristics & classification of living organisms

Question 1

describe movement

Answer 1

an action by an organism causing a change in position or place

Question 2

describe respiration

Answer 2

chemical reactions in the cell that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism

Question 3

describe sensitivity

Answer 3

the ability to detect or sense stimuli in the internal or external environment and make appropriate responses

Question 4

describe growth

Answer 4

a permanent increase in size or dry mass by an increase in cell number, cell size or both

Question 5

describe reproduction

Answer 5

process that makes the same kind of organism

Question 6

describe excretion

Answer 6

removal of waste products in excess of requirement

Question 7

describe nutrition

Answer 7

taking in materials for growth, energy and development

Question 8

what is classification important in?

Answer 8

1. conservation
2. understanding evolutionary relationships

Question 9

how can you tell how closely similar are organisms with features?

Answer 9

the more features organisms share the more recently they have separated from one another during evolution

Question 10

what is a species?

Answer 10

groups of organisms that can reproduce with each other to produce fertile offspring

Question 11

what is the binomial naming system?

Answer 11

the scientific naming system of organisms

Question 12

what does the protein structure of organisms show about the relation with species?

Answer 12

organisms which are very closely related have similar acid sequences in proteins

Question 13

what does the DNA of organisms show about the relation with species?

Answer 13

closely related organisms have very similar base sequences in DNA because there is less evolutionary time for mutation

Question 14

what are the 5 main groups of the Kingdom?

Answer 14

1. Animals
2. Plants
3. Fungi
4. Protoctists
5. Prokaryotes

Question 15

what is a eukaryote?

Answer 15

an organism which has genetic material in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus

Question 16

list the properties of the animal kingdom [5]

Answer 16

• eukaryote
• nucleus
• no cell wall
• multicellular
• heterotroph

Question 17

list the properties of the plant kingdom [5]

Answer 17

• eukaryote
• nucleus
• cellulose cell wall
• multicellular
• autotroph

Question 18

list the properties of the fungi kingdom [5]

Answer 18

• eukaryote
• nucleus
• chitin cell wall
• uni or multicellular
• hetetroph

Question 19

list the properties of the protoctist kingdom [5]

Answer 19

• eukaryote
• nucleus
• has a cell wall in more forms
• mostly unicellular
• photosynthetic & heterotrophic

Question 20

list the properties of the prokaryote kingdom [5]

Answer 20

• prokaryote
• no nucleus
• non-cellulose cell wall
• unicellular
• photosynthetic & heterotrophic

Question 21

what is the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Answer 21

prokaryotes are always unicellular, while eukaryotes are often multi-cellular

Question 22

what are the 2 main groups under the animal kingdom?

Answer 22

• vertebrates
• invertebrates

Question 23

what are the 5 groups under vertebrates?

Answer 23

• mammals
• reptiles
• fish
• amphibians
• birds

Question 24

what qualities do mammals possess? [5]

Answer 24

• hair
• 4 chambered heart
• placenta
• mammary glands
• diff types of teeth

Question 25

what qualities do reptiles possess? [2]

Answer 25

• epidermal scales
• lays soft shelled eggs on land

Question 26

what qualities do fish possess? [4]

Answer 26

• streamlined body
• scales
• paired fins
• lays eggs with no shells in water

Question 27

what qualities do amphibians possess? [3]

Answer 27

• smooth skin
• 3 chambered heart
• lays eggs with no shells in water

Question 28

what qualities do birds possess? [3]

Answer 28

• feathers, wings, beak
• 4 chambered heart
• lays eggs with hard shells

Question 29

what are the 4 main groups under invertebrates?

Answer 29

• nematodes
• annelids
• molluscs
• arthropods

Question 30

describe the properties of arthropods [4]

Answer 30

• no backbone
• several pairs of jointed legs
• waterproof exoskeleton
• chitin skeleton

Question 31

list the 4 classes of arthropods

Answer 31

1. insects
2. arachnids
3. crustaceans
4. myriapods

Question 32

what are ferns?

Answer 32

plants that don’t make seeds but have roots, stems, and leaves

Question 33

what are algae?

Answer 33

plants that don’t make seeds and have no roots, stems, or leaves structure

Question 34

what are mosses?

Answer 34

plants that don’t make seeds but have some roots, stems, or leave structure

Question 35

what are conifers?

Answer 35

plants that make seeds with no flowers (gymnosperms)

Question 36

what are flowers?

Answer 36

flowers lah what else you want (angiosperms)

Question 37

how do mosses and ferns reproduce?

Answer 37

by using spores instead of seeds

Question 38

what is the leaf part of a fern called?

Answer 38

FROND!

Question 39

what are the two subgroups that angiosperms are divided into?

Answer 39

monocots and dicots

Question 40

list the properties of monocots

Answer 40

• one cotyledon
• usually parallel veins
• complexly arranged vascular bundles
• fibrous root system
• multiples of three floral parts

Question 41

list the properties of dicots

Answer 41

• two cotyledons
• netlike veins
• ring arranged vascular bundles
• tap root system
• multiples of 4 or 5 floral parts

Question 42

what is hyphae?

Answer 42

filaments that make up the bodies of fungi

Question 43

list the properties of viruses

Answer 43

• does not show living features
• parasitic
• no cytoplasm
• has genetic material and a protein coat