1 - Desperately Seeking Patterns Flashcards
Who was Konrad Lorenz?
An Austrian scientist and ethologist known for pioneering studies in animal behavior, particularly imprinting.
Lorenz won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1973.
What is imprinting?
The ability of many animals, including baby ducks and geese, to form bonds with the first moving thing they see upon hatching.
Lorenz famously got ducklings to imprint on him.
Which Nobel Prize did Konrad Lorenz win?
The Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1973.
He shared this award with Karl von Frisch and Nikolaas Tinbergen.
What did Lorenz, von Frisch, and Tinbergen discover?
They made discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behavior patterns in animals.
What can newly hatched ducklings imprint on?
They can imprint on both living creatures and inanimate objects.
Ducklings can recognize shapes and colors.
What is a linear relationship?
A relationship where the dependent variable y depends only on the independent variables x1 and x2, without any powers or products of x1 and x2.
What are coefficients or weights in a linear equation?
Constants that define the relationship between the dependent variable y and independent variables x1, x2, etc.
What does the equation y = w1x1 + w2x2 represent?
A linear equation connecting the dependent variable y to independent variables x1 and x2, where w1 and w2 are weights.
What is supervised learning?
A type of machine learning where a model learns from labeled training data to make predictions about new, unseen data.
What is regression in machine learning?
A problem-solving technique where a model predicts the value of a dependent variable based on independent variables.
What did Frank Rosenblatt invent?
The perceptron, an early algorithm for learning patterns in data.
It was the first brain-inspired algorithm that could learn from data.
What is the significance of the perceptron?
It can learn patterns in data and is guaranteed to converge on a solution in finite time under certain assumptions.
What did McCulloch and Pitts propose in their 1943 paper?
A simple model of a biological neuron and how it could implement basic Boolean logical operations.
What are dendrites?
Treelike projections of a neuron that receive inputs.
What is an axon?
A longer projection of a neuron that sends electrical signals to neighboring neurons.
What is an artificial neuron also known as?
A neurode, which combines the concepts of ‘neuron’ and ‘node’.
What basic Boolean operations can a single neurode implement?
AND, OR, NOT.
More complex operations like exclusive-OR require multiple neurodes.
What is the relationship between x1, x2, and y in the equation y = x1 + 2x2?
y is determined by the values of x1 and x2 according to the given linear equation.
What is the goal of learning weights in machine learning?
To establish a predictive model that can calculate the dependent variable y from new inputs.
What is the relationship between the availability of data and the AI revolution?
The modern AI revolution has been fueled by the availability of large amounts of annotated or labeled data.
True or False: Ducklings learn through labeled data provided by parent ducks.
False. Ducklings learn without any labeled data from parents.
What are the basic Boolean logical operations mentioned?
AND, OR, NOT
These operations are fundamental to digital computation.
In the McCulloch-Pitts model, what can x1 and x2 take on?
0 or 1
Formally, x1, x2 ∈ {0, 1}.
How is the output y of a neurode calculated?
By summing inputs and checking against a threshold θ
If sum ≥ θ, then y = 1; else y = 0.
