1: Diseases

Question 1

Diagnosis

Answer 1

identification of specific disease through gathering data

Question 2

Etiology

Answer 2

causative factors in disease

- etiologic agents: congenital disorgers, trauma, enviro factios etc…

Question 3

Idiopathic

Answer 3

UNKNOWN CAUSE of disease

Question 4

Iatrogenic

Answer 4

treatment, procedure or error in cause of disease

• due to previous medical implementation
  ie: affiliated risk with chemotherapy

Question 5

Nosocomial

Answer 5

disease originating in healthcare facility

Question 6

Predisposing factors

Answer 6

RISKS
- increase chances of developing disease
tendencies that promote development of a disease in an individual

Question 7

Pathogenesis

Answer 7

development of disease

- sequence

Question 8

Acute onset

Answer 8

SUDDEN & OBVIOUS presence of disease

• more temporary
• marked signs

Question 9

Chronic/Insidious onset

Answer 9

GRADUAL progression with VAGUE/MILD signs
- lengthy illness or disease process

note: chronic disease may have acute episodes

Question 10

Subclinical state

Answer 10

pathologic changes occur
no obvious manifestations
- latent state for chronic disease
- asymptomatic state

Question 11

Name the characteristics of disease

Answer 11

1. Latent stage/Incubation period
2. Prodromal state
3. Illness
4. Decline
5. Convalescence

Question 12

Latent Stage

Answer 12

no symptoms or clinical signs are evident

Question 13

Incubation Period

Answer 13

time from exposure to onset of signs/symptoms for infections/disease

Question 14

Prodromal Period

Answer 14

awareness of change but unclear/absent signs

- vague, general symptoms

Question 15

Manifestations

Answer 15

clinical evidence or effects of disease

• local or systemic
• signs + symptoms

Question 16

Signs

Answer 16

objective indicators observable & measurable by others

Question 17

Symptoms

Answer 17

subjective feelings

Question 18

Syndrome

Answer 18

collection of signs and symptoms

Question 19

Lesion

Answer 19

specific local change in tissue (micro or macro)

Question 20

Diagnostics tests

Answer 20

assist in diagnosis of disease

Question 21

Remisission

Answer 21

manifestations of the disease subside or are absent

Question 22

Exacerbations

Answer 22

signs of disease increase

Question 23

Precipitating factor

Answer 23

acute episode occurs with chronic illness

ie: having heart disease + shovelling snow -> chest pain

Question 24

Complications

Answer 24

new secondary or additional problems

Question 25

Sequelae

Answer 25

unwanted outcomes of primary condition

Question 26

Therapy

Answer 26

treatment measures to promote recovery or slow the progress of disease

Question 27

Convalescence & Rehabilitation

Answer 27

period of recovery and returning to normal healthy state

Question 28

Prognosis

Answer 28

probability for recovery or for other outcomes

Question 29

Epidemiology

Answer 29

science of identifying the causative factors & tracking the pattern or occurrence of disease

Question 30

Morbidity

Answer 30

disease rate in population

Question 31

Mortality

Answer 31

of deaths within a population due to disease

Question 32

Epidemic

Answer 32

higher than expected number of causes of an infectious disease occur within a given area - LOCALIZED

Question 33

Pandemic

Answer 33

involve higher number of cases in many regiosn of the globe

Question 34

Prevalence

Answer 34

number of new and old cases (always larger #)

Question 35

Incidence

Answer 35

number of new cases

Question 36

What reflects/tracks the occurrence of diseases

Answer 36

prevalence + incidence

Question 37

Communicable disease

Answer 37

spread from 1 person to another

Question 38

Notifiable disease

Answer 38

by law physician must notify public health agency - statistical reasons - monitor and track spread