(1) Earthquake

Question 1

Give 4 volcanic products.

Answer 1

Pyroclastic Flows, Lahars, Lava, Volcanic Ash

Question 2

What are pyroclastic flows?

Answer 2

Pyroclastic flows are mixtures of hot gas, ash, and other volcanic rocks traveling very quickly down the slopes of the volcano.

Question 3

What are lahars?

Answer 3

Lahars are mudflows formed by the mixing of volcanic particles and water.

Question 4

What is volcanic ash?

Answer 4

Volcanic ash is a volcanic rock that is exploded from the vent in fragments less than 2mm in size.

Question 5

What is pahoehoe lava?

Answer 5

Pahoehoe lava flows smoothly and is often formed by small volumes of hot, fluid basalts. The higher the volume of lava emitted faster the current.

Question 6

What is a volcanic gas?

Answer 6

Volcanic gas is contained within magma. As the magma rises to the Earth’s surface, the gases are released. Because some gases are toxic, they can suffocate people.

Question 7

It is the study of earthquakes and the waves they create is called (from the Greek word “seismos” which means “to shake”).

Answer 7

Seismology

Question 8

Scientists who study earthquakes are called _____.

Answer 8

Seismologists

Question 9

An _____ is the vibration of Earth produced by the rapid release of energy. It occurs when rocks along a certain fault line suddenly move.

Answer 9

Earthquake

Question 10

_____ or hypocenter is the point within the Earth where an earthquake rupture starts.

Answer 10

Focus

Question 11

_____ is the point at the surface of the Earth above the focus.

Answer 11

Epicenter

Question 12

These are waves that transmit the energy released by an earthquake.

Answer 12

Seismic Waves

Question 13

Give the 2 Types of Waves.

Answer 13

Body Waves, Surface Waves

Question 14

What are body waves?

Answer 14

Body waves are waves that travel in the Earth’s interior. They are faster waves and have a higher frequency.

Question 15

What are the 2 Types of Body Waves?

Answer 15

1. P-wave or Primary Wave

2. S-waves or Secondary Wave

Question 16

Define P-wave/Primary wave.

Answer 16

Primary waves travel faster than other seismic waves. It is considered the first signal from an earthquake to be felt. This may be transmitted through gases, liquids, and solids.

Question 17

Define S-wave/Secondary wave.

Answer 17

Secondary waves can only travel through solids. A type of elastic wave and are one of the two main types of elastic body wave. It is also called sear waves. The distance between the beginning of the first P-wave and the first S-wave tells you how many seconds the waves are apart. This number will be used to tell you how far your seismograph is from the epicenter of the earthquake.

Question 18

What are surface waves?

Answer 18

Surface waves are waves that cannot travel through the interior Earth and can only transfer energy through crust