1. Emergencies

Question 1

What Constitutes an Emergency? (1)

Answer 1

Any unusual occurrence that precludes a controller from handling the aircraft in the anticipated/normal manner

Question 2

What is the duration for successive “Operations Normal” declarations? (1)

Answer 2

30 minutes

Question 3

How many “Operation Normal” calls shall be made before overdue action is initiated? (1)

Answer 3

3 successive attempts which have all failed to achieve an “Operations Normal” call

Question 4

If a ‘Rescue’ call sign fails to respond to three successive attempts to confirm operations normal, who are ATCOs to contact? (2)

Answer 4

• The JRCC
• Request they acctempt to communicate with the ‘Rescue’ callsign

Question 5

What are the main categories of ABES? (8)

Answer 5

• Radio failure
• Unlawful Interference / Hijack
• Bomb threat
• Strayed / Unidentified A/C
• A/C unable to maintain height
• Control difficulty which affects handling
• Pilot unsure of position
• Diversion

Question 6

What is the phraseology for an Acknowledgement of an emergency? (1)

Answer 6

(Acft callsign), (ATSU callsign), roger Mayday/Pan

Question 7

What is the phraseology for Imposition of silence during an emergency? (1)

Answer 7

All stations, (ATSU callsign), stop transmitting - Mayday

Question 8

What is the phraseology for Cancellation of an emergency? (1)

Answer 8

All stations (ATSU callsign), Distress traffic ended

Question 9

What is the phraseology for Transfer to another frequency during an emergency? (1)

Answer 9

Mayday (acft identity), all other aircraft contact (station) on (frequency) - out

Question 10

What 3 ATCO Acconyms / Mnemonics are available to help ATCOs during ABES? (3)

Answer 10

• ASSISTS
• RISC
• SSSS

Question 11

What does the accronym ASSISTS stand for? (7)

Answer 11

Acknowledge
Separate
Silence
Inform
Support
Time
Squawk

Question 12

What does the accronym RISC stand for? (4)

Answer 12

Recognise (the problem)
Identify (the relevant A/C)
Separate (the A/C)
Communicate (with adjacent sectors, colleagues etc)

Question 13

What does the accronym SSSS stand for? (4)

Answer 13

Squawk
Silence (the RTF)
Separate
Shout (for assistance)

Question 14

Bird Strike information

Answer 14

Question 15

Bomb Warning information

Answer 15

Question 16

Brake Problems information

Answer 16

Question 17

Electrical Problems information

Answer 17

Question 18

Rough Running Engine / Partial Engine Failure information

Answer 18

Question 19

Engine Failure information

Answer 19

Question 20

When are Aerodrome Control Towers responsible for alerting Resuce / Firefighting services? (4)

Answer 20

• An aircraft accident has occurred on or in the vicinity of the aerodrome
• Information is received that the safety of an aircraft has been impaired
• Requested by the flight crew
• When deemed necessary or desirable

Question 21

Who should be contacted if there is any doubt of an A/C reaching an Aerodrome? (1)

Answer 21

The ACC Supervisor

Question 22

Plotting Position of Aircraft information

Answer 22

Question 23

How must any messages from an Aircraft Operator be passed? (1)

Answer 23

Using the Operator’s OWN WORDS

Question 24

What 3 main questions may be asked to judge the severity of an emergency? (3)

Answer 24

• Can you maintain height?
• Can you affect a safe landing?
• Report your POB?

Question 25

What are the 3 phases for emergencies? (3)

Answer 25

**_INCERFA_** - A situation wherein UNCERTAINTY exists as to the safety of an aircraft and its occupants - Max of 30 mins **_ALERFA_** - A situation wherein APPREHENSION exists as to the safety of an aircraft and its occupants - Max of 1 hour **_DETRESFA_** - A situation wherein there is REASONABLE CERTAINTY that an aircraft and its occupants are threatened by grave and imminent danger or require immediate assistance - Until survivors found or No chance of doing so

Question 26

Where and when should **Fuel Jettisoning** take place and in exceptional circumstances? (7)

Answer 26

- Take place over the sea, away from cities / towns - Level to be conducted at - Away from an area thunderstorms have been or expected to be - 1000ft separation from other A/C - Above 10,000ft AGL **_Exceptionally:_** - **WINTER** - 7000ft AGL - **SUMMER** - 4000ft AGL

Question 27

What are the ICAO threat levels for **unruly passengers**? (4)

Answer 27

- **Level 1** - Disruptive behaviour - **Level 2** - Physically abusive behaviour - **Level 3** - Life-threatening behaviour (or display of a weapon) - **Level 4** - Attempted or actual breach of the flight crew compartment

Question 28

What is the definition of **Distress**? (1)

Answer 28

A condition of being threatened by serious and/or imminent danger and of requiring immediate assistance

Question 29

What is the definition of **Urgency**? (1)

Answer 29

A condition concerning the safety of an aircraft or other vehicle, or of some person on board or within sight, but which does not require immediate assistance