1. Emerging Infectious Diseases & Prevention, Control, and Eradication

Question 1

Previously unknown disease that suddenly appears in a population

Answer 1

emerging

Question 2

A known disease that suddenly appears in a new population

Answer 2

Emerging

Question 3

A known disease, previously on the decline, that is becoming more common and will likely continue to do so

Answer 3

Re-emerging

Question 4

What are the 5 stages of pathogen emergence from animals to people

Answer 4

1. Pathogen exclusive to animal reservoir
2. An. reservoir transmits to humans or other ans. but dead end hosts
3. an. reservoir trans. to humans/ans. with a few cycles among them
4. An. reservoir transmits to humans/ans. with sustained transmission among
5. Pathogen exclusive to humans/ new an. reservoir

Question 5

T/F. The best transmission is within the species

Answer 5

T

Question 6

What are 3 things that inc. the probability of transmission from a reservoir to a new host

Answer 6

1. inc. abundance of the reservoir
2. inc. pathogen prevalence in reservoir
3. inc. contact b/t reservoir and new host

Question 7

What are the 4 goals of medicine?

Answer 7

1. to promote health
2. To preserve health
3. To restore health when it is impaired
4. To minimize suffering and distress

Question 8

Actions aimed at eradicating, eliminating, or minimizing the impact of diseases and disability, or if none of these are feasible retarding the process of the disease and disability

Answer 8

prevention

Question 9

What are the 4 levels of prevention

Answer 9

1. Primary
2. Seconday
3. Tertiary
4. Primordial

Question 10

What is the aim of primordial prevention

Answer 10

inhibit the emergence of risk factors

Question 11

what is the main intervention strategy of primordial prevention?

Answer 11

individual and mass education

Question 12

What is the aim of primary prevention?

Answer 12

maintain a healthy population by preventing the occurance of a disease

Question 13

Which level of prevention is in place before the disease even occurs?

Answer 13

Primary

Question 14

What are 3 examples of primary prevention?

Answer 14

1. Vacc.
2. Border security
3. meat inspection

Question 15

What is the aim of secondary prevention

Answer 15

to reduce the impact of a disease or injury that has already occured

Question 16

Which level of prevention deals with detecting and treating as soon as possible?

Answer 16

Secondary

Question 17

What is the aim of tertiary prevention?

Answer 17

soften the impact of an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects by reducing complications, slowing down the progression, and reducing the severity of the symptoms

Question 18

Permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection caused by a specific agent

Answer 18

Eradication

Question 19

the reduction to zero of new cases in defined geographical area

Answer 19

Elimination

Question 20

What are the 3 steps in elinating a pathogen

Answer 20

1. Reservoir neutralization
2. Reducing contact
3. Inc. host resistance

Question 21

What are 3 ways of reservoir neutralization?

Answer 21

1. removing infected animals
2. rendering infected individuals non-shedders
   3 manipulating environment

Question 22

What are 2 examples of removing infected animals

Answer 22

1. test and slaughter

2. mass therapy

Question 23

What are 2 ways to manipulate the environment?

Answer 23

1. parasite control

2. mosquito control

Question 24

What are the 3 ways of reducing contact?

Answer 24

1. isolation or tx of cases
2. quarantine of possible infected
3. population control

Question 25

3 ways to inc. host resistance?

Answer 25

1. genetic isolation 2. Chemoprophylaxis 3. Vaccination

Question 26

What are the 5 national disease control components?

Answer 26

1. Animal health law regulations 2. Disease control management agency 3. Vet./Inspection serices 4. Lab Services 5. Surveillance, information, education, communication, and training

Question 27

What are the 3 categories of Animal health law and regulations?

Answer 27

1. International regulations 2. National regulations 3. State regulations

Question 28

What does SPS stand for? and what two organizations follow?

Answer 28

Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures agreement | WTO and OIE

Question 29

What is the animal health act?

Answer 29

Prevention, detection, control, and elimination of diseases and pests of animals

Question 30

Example of disease control management agency:

Answer 30

USDA-APHIS

Question 31

What is USDA-APHIS

Answer 31

protect the health and value of american agriculture and natural resources

Question 32

What are the 4 things that state animal health authorities are responsible for?

Answer 32

1. Animal disease issues at state level 2. Delivery of the federal programs 3. Admin. of interstate certificates of vet inspection 4. Overseeing state-specific disease control activities and regulations

Question 33

Ex. of veterinary/ inspection service

Answer 33

USDA-APHIS

Question 34

Ex of Lab. services

Answer 34

USDA-APHIS, National animal Health Lab Network (NAHLN)

Question 35

two examples of Companies for information, education, communication, and training

Answer 35

National Animal Health and Monitoring Systm (NAHMS) | Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health (CEAH)