Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Emed > #1: ENT > Flashcards

#1: ENT Flashcards

(50 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

3 y/o pt presents w/ ear fever, irritability, leathagy, otorrhea, ear tugging, poor sleeping habits and feeding.

Dx?
1st line Tx?

A

AOM

1st line Tx = Amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

27 y/o pt presents w/ hearing loss, tinnitus and ear pain. On exam you not a bulging TM w/ decreased mobility, no light reflex and or light reflex seen.

Dx?

A

AOM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

AOM

  1. What is AOM usu preceded by
  2. major 2nd line Tx
  3. what is Tx if PCN allergic (class)
A

AOM

  1. usu preceded by viral URI
  2. 2nd line = Augmentin
  3. Tx if PCN allergy –> Macrolide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Supportive Care of AOM (pain/fever)

  1. PO meds for pain (2)
  2. OTC cold meds given
A

Supportive Care of AOM

  1. PO pain meds –> acetaminophen, ibuprofen
  2. OTC cold meds –> decongestants, antihistamines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

19 y/o Pt presents w/ fever, hearing changes, otorrhea, and feeling of fullness in their ear. On exam you note ttp of the tragus as well as erythema, edema and debris in ear canal, but the TM has normal mobility. Pt tells you he is a collegiate swimmer.

Dx?

A

dx = Otitis externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Types of Otitis Externa

  1. Which is MC (2 names)
  2. which a/w derm conditions
  3. what is MC in diabetics
  4. what 2 types a/w pregrossion into deeper tissues and is a/w DM or immunocompromised pts
A

Types of Otitis Externa

  1. MC = Acute/Swimmers ear
  2. Ezcematous = a/w derm conditions
  3. Pseudomonas = MC cause in diabetics
  4. Necrotizing/Malignant = a/w pregrossion into deeper tissues and is a/w DM or immunocompromised pts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What test used to Dx malignant OE or mastoiditis (Otitis externa that has progressed)

A

Dx malignant OE or mastoiditis

- high resolution CT w/ thin temporal cuts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tx of Otitis Externa

  1. two major ways to tx
  2. what is tx for psuedomonas
  3. what type should you admit pts
A

Tx of Otitis Externa

  1. two major ways to tx = topical (various things) or PO ABX
  2. psuedomonas –> topical ABX drops
  3. necrotizing –> admit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

TM perforation causes/presentation

  1. what presentation should you suspect child abuse
  2. what common thing inserted into ears = cause
  3. Exs of middle ear barotruma (2)
  4. traumatic perfs often lack what
  5. Weber test results
A

TM perforation causes

  1. bilat TM perforation =child abuse
  2. Qtips = common cause
  3. Exs of middle ear barotruma
    - scuba
    - air travel
  4. traumatic = often lack d/c (otorrhea)
  5. Weber: lateralize to affected side
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

24 y/o pt presents w/ otorrhea, hearing changes, tinnitus, and R sided ear pain after long flight. On exam Weber lateralizes to R side

Dx?

A

Dx = TM perforation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Tx of TM perforation

  1. what is main thing pts must do
  2. infectious cause Tx (2 options)
  3. Traumatic cause –> refer if what 2 Sxs
A

Tx of TM perforation

  1. must keep ear dry
  2. infectious cause Tx
    - cortisporin (otic)
    - cipro (opthalmic)
  3. Traumatic cause –> refer if:
    - hearing loss
    - vertigo
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MC cause of HL

A

MC cause of HL = Cerumen impaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pt presents w/ muffled and decr hearing, pain, pressure in ear and vertigo. On exam the TM is obstructed.

Dx?
Best practice for Tx? (spp)

A

Dx = Cerumen impaction

best practice = ear irrigation w/WARM H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Tx of cerumen impaction

- what should you use if cerumen is hard (ex?)

A

Tx of cerumen impaction

- hard cerumen –> ear wax softners (debrox)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pt presents w/ dizziness, hearing loss, tinnitus, ear fullness and N/V. On exam you note nystamus w/ head movementYou perform a dix hallpike test, which is postive

Dx?

A

Dx = Vertigo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tx of Vertigo

  1. What supportive measure should be done for peripheral vertigo
  2. what is the 1st line med for peripheral vertigo
    - med if cant tolerate liquids
  3. what is management for pt w/ central vertigo
    - what 2 tests used to Dx
A

Tx of Vertigo

  1. Supportive measure for peripheral vertigo = IVF
  2. 1st line med for peripheral vertigo = Meclizine
    (scopolamine if cant tolerate liquids)
  3. Central vertigo –> admit
    - Dx w/ CT or MRI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

D/o that presents w/ vertigo, dizziness, flutuating hearing loss, N/V, tinnitus, malaise and nystagmus. Tx for underlying prob and is to lie in dark room for acute attack and meds include ABX and anti-virals

A

Dx = Labyrinthitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Pt presents w/ unilateral hearing loss, tinnitus and vertig w/sudden onset. Pt says this has happened before and it usually stops w/in 24 hrs but it very intense.

Dx?
Tx
1. what type of diet
2. what type of meds

A

Dx = Meniere’s Dz

tx

  • low salt diet
  • vertigo meds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Pt presents w/ fevers, chills, pain and swelling of ear after having otitis externa a few days ago. On exam you notice erythema and swelling of the back of the ear

dx?

A

Dx = mastoiditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Tx of mastoiditis

  1. need to admit?
  2. 2 ABX Tx options?
  3. 3 MC organisms
A

Tx of mastoiditis
1. admit

  1. 2 ABX options (IV)
    - Cefotaxime
    - Ceftriaxone
  2. causes
    - S. pneumo/pygoenes, S aureus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pt presents w/ abrupt onset of fullness, CHL, dizziness, tinnitus, vertigo, N/V, transient facial paralysis. Pt noticed these Sxs while flying.

Study These Flashcards
A

Dx = Barotruama

Other common causes = scuba, rapid pressure change

22
Q

Tx for Barotrauma

  1. what can be done to open the eustachian tube (3 things)
  2. 3 meds
Study These Flashcards
A

Tx for Barotrauma

  1. open eustachian tube
    - chew gum
    - yawn
    - drink during takeoff/landing
  2. 3 meds
    - antihistamines
    - decongestants
    - ABXs
23
Q

Pt presents w/ purulent rhinorrhea, postnasal drip, HA, facial pain, anosmia, cough and fever for 3 weeks. On exam pt has sinus tenderness w/ swollen and inflammed nasal turbinates, and temp of 102. Pt states they had a cold one week before Sxs started

Dx?

Study These Flashcards
A

Dx = acute sinusitis

24
Q

Tx of Sinusitis

  1. medication for viral
  2. ABXs for bacterial (2)
Study These Flashcards
A

Tx of Sinusitis

  1. medication for viral = Topical CCS
  2. ABXs for bacterial = cephalosporin, macrolide
25
Pt w/ h/o asthma presents w/ nasal congestion, clear rhinorrhea, runny nose, cough, ichy/red eyes, nasal crease. On exam you see dark eye circles and pale, boggy turbinates. Pt says these Sxs usu are present early each fall Dx?
Dx = Allergic Rhinitis
26
Tx of Allergic Rhinitis 1. what meds used short term 2. what meds good b/c lack systemic SE
Tx of Allergic Rhinitis 1. antihistamines= used short term 2. intransal steroids = lack systemic SE
27
MC site for epistaxis (2 names)
anterior septum/Kesselbach's plexus
28
Tx for anterior Epistaxis 1. pretx w/ 2. hold long to hold pressure 3. how long to leave packing in for
Tx for anterior Epistaxis 1. pretx w/ oxymetazoline 2. hold pressure 20 min 3. leave packing in for 24-48hrs
29
Tx for epistaxis (general) 1. 1st line method for stopping bleeding 2. 2nd line 3. which site more serious/admit 4. when should you give anti-staph ABX as post care
Tx for epistaxis (general): stop bleeding 1. 1st line = cauterize 2. 2nd line = packing 3. posterior = more serious, admit 4. anti-staph ABX if pt has comorbities
30
Tooth Fracture: Ellis Classification System what stage involves pulp what stage involves enamel what stage involves dentin
Tooth Fracture: Ellis Classification System ``` pulp = III enamel = I dentin = II ```
31
Tooth Fracture Tx 1. for I 2. for II 3. for III (how does it differ from II)
Tooth Fracture Tx 1. for I --> no urgent tx 2. for II --> cover w/ Ca hydroxide paste or foil 3. for III --> II + dental consult w/in 24 hrs
32
Tooth Subluxation Tx 1. tx if < 2mm 2. Tx if > 2mm
Tooth Subluxation 1. tx if < 2mm --> soft food diet til dentist 2. Tx if > 2mm --> reseating + splinting
33
Tooth Avulsion Tx 1. what to put tooth in at home 2. what to put tooth in at dentist/ER 3. what is the tx, urgent? 4. what given as ppx
Tooth Avulsion Tx 1. put tooth in milk at home 2. put tooth in Hank's solution at dentist/ER 3. replant immed!! 4. ABX ppx
34
Acute Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis Types 1. cough/rhinorrhea 2. scarlatiniform rash 3. gray pharyngeal membrane, myocarditis, neuritis 4. HSM, jaundice, rash 5. sexual abuse in kids, recurrent
Acute Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis Types 1. cough/rhinorrhea = Viral 2. scarlatiniform rash = GABHS 3. gray pharyngeal membrane, myocarditis, neuritis = Diptheria 4. HSM, jaundice, rash = Mono 5. sexual abuse in kids, recurrent = Gonococcal
35
Pt presents w/ sore throat, pharyngeal exudates, fever, odynophagia, cervical LAd, petechiae and decr oral intake. On exam you see a scarlatiniform rash in the throat. Pt meets Centor criteria dx? cause?
Dx = acute pharyngitis/tonsillitis Cause = GABHS
36
When to Tx acute pharyngitis/tonsillitis based on 2 diagnostics 1. Main ABX Tx 2. Tx for Sxs
Tx acute pharyngitis/tonsillitis 1. + rapid strep test 2. 3+ Centor score 1. Tx = PCN VK (or other PCNS, macrolides) 2. Tx for sxs = Steroids (dexamethasone)
37
Pt presents w/ lateral progressive worsening sore throat, fever, dysphagia, otalgia, odynophagia. On exam you see swollen tonsil w/ contralateral uvula deviation, trismus, purulent exudate and drooling. When pt speaks sound likes a hot potato voice dx?
Dx = Peritonsillar abscess
38
Dx Pertonsillar Abscess 1. main test to Dx 2. Gold Std test
Dx Pertonsillar Abscess 1. main test to Dx = Neck Ct w/ IV contrast 2. Gold Std test = needle aspiration of pus
39
Tx of Peritonsillar Abscess 1. 2 methods of Tx 2. 2 types of ABXs given 3. class of med given
Tx of Peritonsillar Abscess 1. 2 methods of Tx = I+D or needle aspiration 2. ABXs = clinda or augmentin 3. steroids
40
Pt presents w/ painful unilateral facial swelling w/ purulent drainage from mouth and decr salivary secretion. Dx? most likely cause?
Dx = Sialoadenitis Most likely cause = S. aureus
41
Common Sx a/w Sialolithasis
Sialolithasis --> colicky abd pain
42
1. heat/cold compress w/ massage 2. hydration 3. lemon drops 4. ABX = pen VK, erythromycin, augmentin, ceftin tx for
Tx for Sialoadenitis/Sialolithasis 1. heat/cold compress w/ massage 2. hydration 3. lemon drops 4. ABX = pen VK, erythromycin, augmentin, ceftin
43
3 y/o Pt presents w/ unilateral nasal d/c that is malodorous and pt has halitosis and epistaxis. Dx?
Dx = nasal FB
44
3 ways to Dx nasal FB rare = CT
Dx Nasal FB 1. visual it 2. fiberoptic exam 3. sinus XRs
45
1. Topical vasoconstrictors 2. Positive pressure 3. alligator forceps, balloon cath 4. suction 5. dermabond tx for _____
Tx for Nasal FB
46
5 y/o pt presents w/ otalgia, bloody/foul smelling otorrhea, hearing loss and N/V. Dx?
Dx = FB in ear
47
1. irrigation (dont do if perf) 2. Acetone (dissolves styrofoam or superglue) 3. suction, forceps, cerumen loop 4. lidocaine (kills insects) 5. ABX drops (as needed) tx for _____
tx for FB in ear 1. irrigation (dont do if perf) 2. Acetone (dissolves styrofoam or superglue) 3. suction, forceps, cerumen loop 4. lidocaine (kills insects) 5. ABX drops (as needed)
48
2 y/o pt presents w/ dysphagia, odynophaiga, aphagia, droooling, halitosis, dyspnea, wheezing and persistent cough. Object seen w/fiberoptic laryngoscopy dx?
Dx = pharyngeal FB
49
Dx of pharyngeal FB 1. main method of removal 2. types of XRs (2) 3. Tx if esophageal perforation
Dx of pharyngeal FB 1. main method of removal = fiberoptic laryngoscopy 2. XRs = soft tissue neck, CXR 3. Tx if esophageal perforation = barium swallow
50
Tx of pharyngeal FB 1. 2 ways to Tx if compromised airway 2. Tx in OR
Tx of pharyngeal FB 1. 2 ways to Tx if compromised airway - hemlich - cricothyrotomy 2. Tx in OR = endoscopy

Emed (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions