1: Epilepsy

Question 1

Why might a tonic-clonic seizure begin with a cry?

Answer 1

It is the result air moving across the glottis from sudden tonic muscle contraction.

Question 2

In this type of seizure there is a loss of consciousness.

Answer 2

Complex partial

Question 3

Another name for this type of seizure is grand mal.

Answer 3

Tonic–clonic

Question 4

Which seizure?
Typically begin in childhood. Often noticed first by teachers. The patient may or may not be aware that a seizure has occurred.

Answer 4

Absence

Question 5

Abnormal focal or generalized neuronal discharge, often with physical manifestations.

Answer 5

Seizure

Question 6

Is epilepsy more common in males or females?

Answer 6

Males

Question 7

In this type of seizure only one part of the brain is seizing, though it can spread to involve the entire brain.

Answer 7

Partial

Question 8

Seizures occur when neurons discharge _____ and _____.

Answer 8

Seizures occur when neurons discharge spontaneously and synchronously.

Question 9

What type of seizure?

Patients may need to wear protective headgear.

Answer 9

Atonic

Question 10

In this type of seizure the entire brain is seizing at the same time. It may or may not be convulsive.

Answer 10

Generalized

Question 11

What type of seizure?

Most dramatic and most common generalized epilepsy.

Answer 11

Tonic-clonic

Question 12

Common causes of seizures in adults over the age of 35 (5).

Answer 12

Cerebrovascular Disease
Brain Tumors
Alcohol Withdrawal
Metabolic Disorders (electrolyte disturbances)
Idiopathic Epilepsy (usually develops in those younger than 35).

Question 13

What type of seizure?

Most likely to cause an injury.

Answer 13

Atonic

Question 14

What type of seizure?

Loss of consciousness may occur, but it is difficult to tell due to the extremely brief duration.

Answer 14

Myoclonic

Question 15

This type of seizure has stiffening and jerking.

Answer 15

Tonic-clonic
Tonic (stiffening)
Clonic (jerking)

Question 16

What type of seizure?

May seem alert and responsive but are actually not. May pick at clothing or smack lips.

Answer 16

Complex partial

Question 17

Common causes of seizures in young adults 18 to 35 years old (5).

Answer 17

Trauma
Alcohol Withdrawal
Illicit Drug Use
Brain Tumors
Idiopathic Epilepsy
(Same as 12-18 yo, just no infections)

Question 18

Stages of seizures:

During the seizure.

Answer 18

Ictal

Question 19

What is the most common cause of adult epilepsy in developING countries?

Answer 19

Neurocysticercosis (parasitic dz)

Question 20

T/F Most epilepsy is idiopathic.

Answer 20

True for children. In childhood most epilepsy is idiopathic.

False for adults. In adults most are secondary to identifiable causes.

Question 21

What auras can happen with simple partial seizures (4)?

Answer 21

Deja vu
Abdominal sensations
Metallic taste in mouth
Tingling in various areas

Question 22

Epilepsy that is suspected to be symptomatic but no lesion is present on MRI.

Answer 22

Cryptogenic Epilepsy

Question 23

In this type of seizure consciousness is maintained.

Answer 23

Simple partial

Question 24

What type of seizure?

Associated with hypothalamic hamartoma.

Answer 24

Gelastic (type of simple partial)

Question 25

This type of seizure has a loss of muscle tone. It can involve drop attacks.

Answer 25

Atonic

Question 26

What is the most common cause of adult epilepsy in developED countries?

Answer 26

Stroke

Question 27

Stages of seizures: | Before the seizure.

Answer 27

Preictal

Question 28

Is epilepsy more common with an embolic stroke or a hemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 28

Embolic stroke

Question 29

When do myoclonic seizures most commonly occur?

Answer 29

Just after awakening in the morning or from a nap

Question 30

This type of seizure has twitching or jerking.

Answer 30

Myoclonic

Question 31

What type of seizure? | Will be nonsensical while engaged in conversation.

Answer 31

Complex partial

Question 32

Epilepsy with an identifiable cause.

Answer 32

Symptomatic Epilepsy

Question 33

Which seizure has no postictal period?

Answer 33

Absence

Question 34

Why might you have convulsive movements with syncope?

Answer 34

Due to sustained decreased cerebral perfusion. This is especially true if the patient remains upright after losing consciousness.

Question 35

This type of seizure has a brief lapse of consciousness.

Answer 35

Absence (petit mal)

Question 36

During what seizure stage might a patient become psychotic or agitated?

Answer 36

Postictal (after)

Question 37

What type of seizure? | Brief episodes of sudden motor contraction that often has flexion of upper extremities that appears as a muscle.

Answer 37

Myoclonic

Question 38

T/F Rhythmic jerking during the clonic phase slows down as the seizure comes to an end.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Prevalence of epilepsy is much higher in _____ countries for all age groups.

Answer 39

Prevalence of epilepsy is much higher in less developed countries for all age groups.

Question 40

Common causes of seizures in children 12-18 years old. (6)

Answer 40

``` Trauma Genetic disorders Infections Brain tumors Illicit drug use Idiopathic Epilepsy ```

Question 41

What type of seizure? | Burst of uncontrollable laughter not associated with anything funny.

Answer 41

Gelastic

Question 42

``` Is this a general or partial seizure? Tonic-clonic Complex Absence Simple Myoclonic Atonic ```

Answer 42

``` Tonic-clonic: General Complex: Partial Absence: General Simple: Partial Myoclonic: General Atonic: General ```

Question 43

Common causes of seizures in children up to 12 months old (5).

Answer 43

``` Febrile seizures CNS infx Trauma Genetic disorders Idiopathic epilepsy ```

Question 44

Epilepsy with an unknown cause.

Answer 44

Idiopathic Epilepsy

Question 45

Stages of seizures: | After the seizure.

Answer 45

Postictal

Question 46

Infantile spasms are an example of what type of epilepsy?

Answer 46

Cryptogenic

Question 47

During what seizure stage might a patient have behavioral changes?

Answer 47

Preictal (before)

Question 48

Common causes of seizures in neonates (<1 month old) (7).

Answer 48

Perinatal hypoxia and ischemia Intracranial hemorrhage and trauma Acute CNS infection; e.g., meningitis or encephalitis Metabolic disturbances; e.g., hypoglycemia or hypocalcemia Drug withdrawal Developmental disorders Genetic disorders

Question 49

Stages of seizures: | Between seizures.

Answer 49

Interictal

Question 50

What are the two classifications of seizures?

Answer 50

Generalized | Partial

Question 51

When is epilepsy diagnosed?

Answer 51

After 2 or more unprovoked seizures.