1 Exam And Localization

Question 1

6 components of neurolocalization

Answer 1

Menation
Gait/posture
Cranial nerves
Postural reactions
Segmental reflexes
Palpation and range of motion

Question 2

Levels of mentation

Answer 2

Alert
Obtunded
Stuporous
Comatose
Ded

Question 3

Obtunded

Answer 3

Decreased but not absent response to normal stimuli

Question 4

Stuporouus

Answer 4

Non responsive to normal stimuli

Responsive to noxious stimuli

Question 5

Comatose

Answer 5

Not responsive to noxious stimuli

Question 6

Dead

Answer 6

“…look through their pockets for loose change”

Question 7

Ataxia

Answer 7

Lack of coordination

Question 8

Cerebellar ataxia

Answer 8

Wide based stance
Hypermetria
Truncate sway

Question 9

Vestibular ataxia

Answer 9

Wide based stance
Leaning
Listing
Drunken sailor

Question 10

Proprioceptive ataxia

Answer 10

Lack of coordination

Lack of awareness and paresis

Question 11

Decerebrate posture

Answer 11

Comatose
Rigid extension in all limbs
Trying to die

Question 12

De cerebellar posture

Answer 12

acute cerebellar lesions

Extended TL, flexed PLs

Question 13

Schiff-Sherrington

Answer 13

Severe, acute T3-L3 lesions

Not prognostic

Question 14

Testing menace

Answer 14

Afferent: CN 2
Efferent: CN 6

Question 15

Testing PLR CN

Answer 15

Afferent: CN 2
Efferent: PS. CN2

Question 16

Palpebral. Cranial nerves

Answer 16

Medial canthus: afferent. - 5 opth

Lateral canthus: afferent - 5max

Question 17

Facial. Symmetry cranial nerve

Answer 17

CN. 7

Question 18

Physiologic nystagmus. Cranial nerves

Answer 18

afferent.: CN 8

Efferent:: CN 3,4,6

Question 19

Gag. Reflexs cranial nerves

Answer 19

Afferent:: CN 9,10

Efferent CN. 9

Question 20

Tongue. Function. CN

Answer 20

CN 12

Question 21

Cutaneous trunci nerves

Answer 21

C8-T1

Question 22

Thoracic limb withdrawal nerve segments

Answer 22

Biceps. & usculocutaneous:: C6-C8

Triceps & radial: C8T2

Question 23

Patellar reflexs Nerve segment

Answer 23

Femoral nerve

L4-L6

Question 24

Withdrawal reflex nerve

Answer 24

sciatic

L6-S1

Question 25

First neurolocalization segment (after brain)

Answer 25

C1-C5

Question 26

Second neurolocalization segment

Answer 26

C6-T2

Question 27

Third neurolocalization segment

Answer 27

T3-L3

Question 28

Fourth neurolocalization segment

Answer 28

L4-S3

Question 29

Segmental reflex deficits, brain or not brain

Answer 29

Not brain

Question 30

CP deficits + ataxia + paresis, brain or not brain

Answer 30

Either

Question 31

Behavior changes, CN deficits, seizures, brain or not brain

Answer 31

Brain

Question 32

CN originating from the Forebrain

Answer 32

I + II

Question 33

CN originating from the cerebellum

Answer 33

none

Question 34

CN coming from the mid brain

Answer 34

III-IV

Question 35

CN coming from the pons

Answer 35

V

Question 36

CN coming form the medulla oblongata

Answer 36

VI-XII

Question 37

How do forebrain deficits present

Answer 37

Seizures, circling, compulsive, behavior changes Blindness, non-ocular (central blindness) Postural reaction deficits Normal gait

Question 38

How do cerebellar deficits present

Answer 38

Head tilt, nystagmus, loss of menace, | Intention tremors, truncal sway, ataxia, hypermetria

Question 39

What is not present with cerebellar deficit

Answer 39

Paresis, behavior changes, CP deficits

Question 40

How do brain stem lesions present

Answer 40

Decreased mentation | CN deficits: III-XII

Question 41

What gait will an animal have with brain stem deficiencies

Answer 41

Vestibular or proprioceptive ataxia

Question 42

Central vestibular presentation

Answer 42

``` CP deficits Paresis ataxia Hypermetria Mentation +/- other CN ```

Question 43

Peripheral vestibular presentation

Answer 43

Head tilt Nystagmus Other CN deficits (VII) Ataxia

Question 44

What diarrheal medication may cause vestibular signs

Answer 44

Metronidazole

Question 45

Extended, difficult to flex limb. Lesion location

Answer 45

Upper motor neuron

Question 46

Flaccid, unable to support weight. Lesion location

Answer 46

Lower motor neuron

Question 47

Neurolocalization: Animal with tetraparesis, ataxia, increased reflexes, +/- ambulation

Answer 47

C1-C5

Question 48

Neurolocalization: tetraparesis, ataxia, Thoracic L: normal to decreased reflex, pelvic L: normal to increased reflexes, 2 engine gait

Answer 48

C6-T2

Question 49

Neurolocalization: Paraparesis, increased PL tone, PL ataxia, normal to increased PL reflexes, normal TL reflexes.

Answer 49

T3-L3

Question 50

Neurolocalization: PL ataxia, para-paresis, decreased PL muscle tone and reflexes, possible incontinence

Answer 50

L4-S3

Question 51

Neurolocalization: general paresis, no ataxia, no pain, decreased reflexes

Answer 51

LMN