1-F: Fifth set of very basic vocabulary Flashcards
Some everyday words related to those already learned; key place names (82 cards)
1
Q
Eòrpa
f.
A
Europe
Long form: an Roinn-Eòrpa (lit. “the Region [of] Europe”)
2
Q
Europe
A
Eòrpa
f.
Long form: an Roinn-Eòrpa (lit. “the Region [of] Europe”)
3
Q
Eòrpach
A
European
4
Q
European
A
Eòrpach
5
Q
Aimearaga
f.
Other common spellings: Aimeireaga, Aimeireagaidh
A
America
6
Q
America
A
Aimearaga
Other common spellings: Aimeireaga, Aimeireagaidh
7
Q
Ameireaganach
m.; gen. & pl. Ameireaganaich, comp. Ameireaganaiche
Sometimes shortened to Ameireagach, gen. & pl. Ameireagaich, comp. Ameregaiche.
A
American
Stàtach is a slangish use to be aware of, but avoid (since it means “statesman” in standard usage).
8
Q
American
A
Ameireaganach
m.; gen. & pl. Ameireaganaich, comp. Ameireaganaiche
Sometimes shortened to Ameireagach, gen. & pl. Ameireagaich, comp. Ameregaiche.<br></br>Stàtach is a slangish use to be aware of, but avoid (since it means “statesman” in standard usage).
9
Q
Canadach
A
Canadian
The country is just Canada, same as in English.
10
Q
Canadian
A
Canadach
The country is just Canada, same as in English.
11
Q
Astràilia
f.
A
Australia
Remember the lack of the “u” in it!
12
Q
Australia
A
Astràilia
f.
Remember the lack of the “u” in it!
13
Q
Astràilianach
m.; gen. & pl. Astràilianaich, comp. Astràilianache
Sometimes shortened to Astràiliach, gen. & pl. Astràiliaiche, comp. Astràiliche
A
Australian
14
Q
Australian
A
Astràilianach
m.; gen. & pl. Astràilianaich, comp. Astràilianache
Sometimes shortened to Astràiliach, gen. & pl. Astràiliaiche, comp. Astràiliche
15
Q
Cuimrigh, a’ Chuimrigh
f.
A
Wales
(Cymru)
16
Q
Wales
(Cymru)
A
Cuimrigh, a’ Chuimrigh
f.
17
Q
Cuimreach
m.; gen. & pl. Cuimrich, comp. Cuimriche
A
Welsh
The language: Cuimris, a’ Chuimris
18
Q
Welsh
A
Cuimreach
m.; gen. & pl. Cuimrich, comp. Cuimriche
The language: Cuimris, a’ Chuimris
19
Q
Èireannach
m.; gen. & pl. Èireannich, comp. Èireanniche
A
Irish
The language: Gaeilge; more clumsily, Gàidhlig na h-Èireann.
20
Q
Irish
A
Èireannach
m.; gen. & pl. Èireannich, comp. Èireanniche
The language: Gaeilge; more clumsily, Gàidhlig na h-Èireann.
21
Q
Breatann Bheag,
a’ Bhreatann Bheag
f.; gen. Bhreatainn Bhig
A
Brittany
(Breizh)
22
Q
Brittany
(Breizh)
A
Breatann Bheag,
a’ Bhreatann Bheag
f.; gen. Bhreatainn Bhig
23
Q
Breatnach
m.; gen. & pl. Breatnaich, comp. Bretnaiche
A
Breton
The language: Breatnais, gen. Breatnaise.
(Avoid Breatannais, which also means “Brittonic/Brythonic”.)
24
Q
Breton
A
Breatnach
m.; gen. & pl. Breatnaich, comp. Bretnaiche
The language: Breatnais, gen. Breatnaise.
(Avoid Breatannais, which also means “Brittonic/Brythonic”.)
25
*Manainn*, *Eilean Mhanainn*
| f.
Isle of Man, Mann
(Mannin, Ellan Vannin)
## Footnote
There are other forms, e.g. *an t-Eilean M[h]anannach*, lit. "the Manx Island".
26
Isle of Man, Mann
(Mannin, Ellan Vannin)
*Manainn*, *Eilean Mhanainn*
| f.
## Footnote
There are other forms, e.g. *an t-Eilean M[h]anannach*, lit. "the Manx Island".
27
*Manannach*
| m.; gen. & pl. *Manannaich*, comp. *Manannaiche*
## Footnote
Old/long form: *Manainneach*, gen. & pl. *Manainnich*, comp. *Manainniche*
Manx
## Footnote
The language: *Gaelg* or *Manannais*; more clumsily, *Gàidhlig Mhanainn*.
28
Manx
*Manannach*
| m.; gen. & pl. *Manannaich*, comp. *Manannaiche*
## Footnote
Old/long form: *Manainneach*, gen. & pl. *Manainnich*, comp. *Manainniche*.
The language: *Gaelg* or *Manannais*; more clumsily, *Gàidhlig Mhanainn*.
29
*Còrn*, *a' Chòrn*
| f.; gen. *Còirne*
Cornwall
(Kernow)
30
Cornwall
(Kernow)
*Còrn*, *a' Chòrn*
| f.; gen. *Còirne*
31
*Còrnach*
| m.; gen. & pl. *Còrnoich*, comp. *Còrnaiche*
Cornish
## Footnote
The language: *Còrnais*.
32
Cornish
*Còrnach*
| m.; gen. & pl. *Còrnoich*, comp. *Còrnaiche*
## Footnote
The language: *Còrnais*.
33
*craic*
| m.
fun (noun)
## Footnote
"Craic" is also common in Scottish and Irish English usage today ("That party was good craic!")
34
fun (noun)
*craic*
| m.
## Footnote
"Craic" is also common in Scottish and Irish English usage today ("That party was good craic!")
35
*bata*
| m.; pl. *bataichean*
## Footnote
Bonus question: diminutive version, *batan* (gen. *batain*, pl. *batanan*)
stick, staff, cane, bat
## Footnote
Diminutive: "baton", "small stick"
36
stick, staff, cane, bat
## Footnote
Bonus question: diminutive version, for "baton", "small stick"
*bata*
| m.; pl. *bataichean*
## Footnote
Diminutive: *batan*, gen. *batain*, pl. *batanan*
37
*bàta*
| m., pl. *bàtaichean*
boat
38
boat
*bàta*
| m.; pl. *bàtaichean*
39
*latha*
| m.; gen. also *latha*; **irregular** pl. *l**à**ithean*
day
## Footnote
In either sense ("a 24-hour period" or "the daytime").
40
day
## Footnote
In either sense ("a 24-hour period" or "the daytime").
*latha*
| m.; gen. also *latha*; **irregular** pl. *l**à**ithean*
41
*Aonadh Eòrpach (AE)*,
*an t-Aonadh Eòrpach*
| f.; gen. *Aonaidh Eòrpaich*
## Footnote
Also rendered *Aonadh na h-Eòrpa*, *an t-Aonadh na h-Eòrpa*
European Union,
the European Union
42
European Union,
the European Union
*Aonadh Eòrpach (AE)*,
*an t-Aonadh Eòrpach*
| f.; gen. *Aonaidh Eòrpaich*
## Footnote
Also rendered *Aonadh na h-Eòrpa*, *an t-Aonadh na h-Eòrpa*
43
*gu leòr*
enough, sufficient;
plenty, lots [of];
well, thoroughly
| **Mnemonic**: origin of "galore" in English.
44
enough, sufficient;
plenty, lots [of];
well, thoroughly
*gu leòr*
| **Mnemonic**: origin of "galore" in English.
45
*math gu leòr*
good/well enough;
alright, just fine
## Footnote
Sometimes *ceart gu leòr* instead ("right enough").
46
good/well enough;
alright, just fine
*math gu leòr*
## Footnote
Sometimes *ceart gu leòr* instead ("right enough").
47
*Stàitean Aonaichte* (*SA*),
*na Stàitean Aonaichte*
| f.
United States (US),
the United States
48
United States (US),
the United States
*Stàitean Aonaichte* (*SA*),
*na Stàitean Aonaichte*
| f.
49
*crostachd*
| f.
irritation, annoyance (state of);
irritability, crossness, peevishness
## Footnote
"Irritation (source of); annoying thing" is *anadas* or *frionas*, among others.
50
irritation, annoyance (state of);
irritability, crossness, peevishness
*crostachd*
| f.
## Footnote
"Irritation (source of); annoying thing" is *anadas* or *frionas*, among others.
51
*Albais*
| f.; gen. *Albaise*
## Footnote
/ALL-ə-pesh/
Scots (language)
| **Important!** /ALL-ə-pish/ – has "helping vowel" and /b/ → /p/ shift.
## Footnote
Scots is an offshoot of Old English that developed along with English. It is also (dialectally) known as Lallans, Doric, and Buchan Claik.
52
Scots (language)
## Footnote
Scots is an offshoot of Old English that developed along with English. It is also (dialectally) known as Lallans, Doric, and Buchan Claik.
*Albais*
| f.; gen. *Albaise*
## Footnote
**Important!** /ALL-ə-pish/ – has the "helping vowel" and /b/ → /p/ shift. These changes apply to all Scotland-related words like *Alba* ("Scotland"), /ALL-ə-pə/ or /ALL-ə-peh/, but not otherwise; e.g. *Albàinis* ("Albanian"), /All-BAH-nish/.
53
*ionnsachadh*
## Footnote
v.: present tense & infinitive
n.: m.; gen. *ionnsachaidh*
to learn
| Also "learning" as a noun.
## Footnote
There are various other words for "learn[ing]", "know[ledge]", etc., but this long one is very common in the language-learning context.
54
to learn
| Also "learning" as a noun.
*ionnsachadh*
| v.: present tense & infinitive
## Footnote
n.: m.; gen. *ionnsachaidh*.
There are various other words for "learn[ing]", "know[ledge]", etc., but this long one is very common in the language-learning context.
55
*ag ionnsachadh*
| present tense
## Footnote
With pronouns:
- *Tha mi ag ionnsachadh Gàidhlig.*
- *Tha i ag ionnsachadh Gàidhlig.*
- *Tha e ag ionnsachadh Gàidhlig.*
- *A bheil thu ag ionnosachadh Gàidhlig?*
is/am/are learning
| Your first "is/am/are X-ing" verb! Used as *Tha* [subject] *ag* [verb].
## Footnote
With-pronouns phrases translate to:
- I am learning Gaelic.
- She is learning Gaelic.
- He is learning Gaelic.
- Are you learning Gaelic?
Gaelic makes heavy use of "is/am/are X-ing" verb structures, for many non-permanent/non-habitual verbs.
The *ag* in this is literally "at": "I am at learning Gaelic"; this sort of "at [gerund]" construction actually occurs in some Scottish and Irish English.
56
is/am/are learning
| Hint: subject goes in the middle!
## Footnote
Translate with pronouns:
- I am learning Gaelic.
- She is learning Gaelic.
- He is learning Gaelic.
- Are you learning Gaelic?
*ag ionnsachadh*
| Your first "is/am/are X-ing" verb! Used as *Tha* [subject] *ag* [verb].
## Footnote
With-pronouns phrases translate as:
- *Tha mi ag ionnsachadh Gàidhlig.*
- *Tha i ag ionnsachadh Gàidhlig.*
- *Tha e ag ionnsachadh Gàidhlig.*
- *A bheil thu ag ionnosachadh Gàidhlig?*
Gaelic makes heavy use of "is/am/are X-ing" verb structures, for many non-permanent/non-habitual verbs.
The *ag* in this is literally "at": "I am at learning Gaelic"; this sort of "at [gerund]" construction actually occurs in some Scottish and Irish English.
57
*Riaghaltas na h-Alba*
| /RREE-əl-təs nah HALL-ə-pə/
[the] Scottish Government
| Usually does not take a leading *an* ("the").
## Footnote
In English, it is officially "the Scottish Government" not "the Government of Scotland". Sometimes also "the Scottish Executive" in some legal matters (same word in Gaelic).
58
[the] Scottish Government
*Riaghaltas na h-Alba*
/RREE-əl-təs nah HALL-ə-pə/
| Trilled "r" not mandatory. Usually does not take a leading *an* ("the").
## Footnote
In English, it is officially "the Scottish Government" not "the Government of Scotland". Sometimes also "the Scottish Executive" in some legal matters (same word in Gaelic).
59
*riaghaltas*
| m.; gen. *riaghaltais*, pl. *riaghaltasan*
government
| In a business context, can also mean "executive".
## Footnote
**Mnemonic:** The *righal-* in this indicates "governance, rulership, control", and is cognate with English "rule", "regal", and "royal".
But Gaelic for "royal, regal" is *rìoghail* (comp. *rìoghaile*),
60
government
*riaghaltas*
| m.; gen. *riaghaltais*, pl. *riaghaltasan*
## Footnote
In a business context, can also mean "executive".
**Mnemonic:** The *righal-* in this indicates "governance, rulership, control", and is cognate with English "rule", "regal", and "royal".
But Gaelic for "royal, regal" is *rìoghail* (comp. *rìoghaile*),
61
*sin*
| pl. *iad sin*
**that** (adv./pron.,
for something nearby)
| pl. "those [nearby]"
## Footnote
"That/those" as adj. ("That/those fact[s] is/are well known") = *sin* after the modfied noun (sing. or pl.).
"That" as adv. but with a far-away referent = *siud* (pl. *iad siud*).
"That" as conj. ("I know that I'm late") = *gu*.
There are dialectal longer ways to say "that/those" (and they start with *sin-*) but don't worry about them now.
62
**that** (adv./pron.,
for something nearby)
| pl. "**those** [nearby]"
*sin*
| pl. *iad sin*
## Footnote
"That/those" as adj. ("That/those fact[s] is/are well known") = *sin* after the modfied noun (sing. or pl.).
"That" as adv. but with a far-away referent = *siud* (pl. *iad siud*).
"That" as conj. ("I know that I'm late") = *gu*.
There are dialectal longer ways to say "that/those" (and they start with *sin-*) but don't worry about them now.
63
*siud*
| pl. *iad siud*
**that** (adv./pron.,
for something distant)
| pl. "those [distant]"
## Footnote
"That/those" as adj. ("That/those fact[s] is/are well known") = *sin* after the modfied noun (sing. or pl.).
"That" as adv. but with nearby referenent = *sin* (pl. *iad sin*).
"That" as conj. ("I know that I'm late") = *gu*.
There are dialectal longer ways to say "that/those" (and they start with *sin-*) but don't worry about them now.
64
**that** (adv./pron.,
for something distant)
| pl. "**those** [distant]"
*siud*
| pl. *iad siud*
## Footnote
"That/those" as adj. ("That/those fact[s] is/are well known") = *sin* after the modfied noun (sing. or pl.).
"That" as adv. but with nearby referenent = *sin* (pl. *iad sin*).
"That" as conj. ("I know that I'm late") = *gu*.
There are dialectal longer ways to say "that/those" (and they start with *sin-*) but don't worry about them now.
65
*Sealainn Nuadh*
| f.
New Zealand
## Footnote
This seems also to double as "New Zealander, New Zealandish", with pl. n. ("New Zealanders") forms of *Sealan Nuadh* or the irregular*Seulan Nuadh*.
66
New Zealand
*Sealainn Nuadh*
| f.
## Footnote
This seems also to double as "New Zealander, New Zealandish", with pl. n. ("New Zealanders") forms of *Sealan Nuadh* or the irregular*Seulan Nuadh*.
67
*ùr*
| comp. *ùire*
new, fresh
## Footnote
See also *nodha*.
68
new, fresh
*ùr*
| comp. *ùire*
## Footnote
See also *nodha*.
69
*nodha*
| comp. same
recent, modern;
new, fresh;
unfamililar
## Footnote
The *Nuadh* in *Sealainn Nuadh* ("New Zealand") is generally reserved for place-names.
It may also appear prefixed as *nua-* with the same meaning as "neo-" in English (and is cognate with it).
See also *ùr*.
70
recent, modern;
new, fresh;
unfamililar
*nodha*
| comp. same
## Footnote
The *Nuadh* in *Sealainn Nuadh* ("New Zealand") is generally reserved for place-names.
It may also appear prefixed as *nua-* with the same meaning as "neo-" in English (and is cognate with it).
See also *ùr*.
71
*sean, seann-*
| comp. *sine*
old, aged;
ancient, antique
## Footnote
When used as a prefix, with the extra "n", it causes lenition on the noun unless it starts with "d", "l", "n", "s", or "t". Thus *Seann-Ghaeilge* ("Old Irish" from *sean* + *Gaeilge*), but *seann-taigh* ("old house"). With some initial letters like "r", the lenition affects only the vowels in the word.
72
old, aged;
ancient, antique
*sean, seann-*
| comp. *sine*
## Footnote
When used as a prefix, with the extra "n", it causes lenition on the noun unless it starts with "d", "l", "n", "s", or "t". Thus *Seann-Ghaeilge* ("Old Irish" from *sean* + *Gaeilge*), but *seann-taigh* ("old house"). With some initial letters like "r", the lenition affects only the vowels in the word.
73
*bodach*
| m.; gen. & pl. *bodaich*
old man
## Footnote
Opposite of *balach* "boy".
74
old man
*bodach*
| m.; gen. & pl. *bodaich*
## Footnote
Opposite of *balach* "boy".
75
*cailleach*
| f.; gen. *cailliche*, pl. *cailleachan*.
old lady
## Footnote
Opposite of *caileag* "girl"; pronounce carefully!
76
old lady
*cailleach*
| f.; gen. *cailliche*, pl. *cailleachan*.
## Footnote
Opposite of *caileag* "girl"; pronounce carefully!
77
*taigh*
| m.; gen. *taighe*, pl. *taighean*
house (noun)
## Footnote
Old material may use the obsolete form *teach*.
78
house (noun)
*taigh*
| m.; gen. *taighe*, pl. *taighean*
## Footnote
Old material may use the obsolete form *teach*.
79
*dachaigh*
| f.; gen. *dachaighe*, pl. *dachaighean*
home (noun)
80
home (noun)
*dachaigh*
| f.; gen. *dachaighe*, pl. *dachaighean*
81
*dhachaigh*
| adv./prep.
home (adv./prep.),
homeward
## Footnote
This is the "home" in "I'm going home".
82
home (adv./prep.),
homeward
*dhachaigh*
| adv./prep.
## Footnote
This is the "home" in "I'm going home".
