1. Female pelvic viscera Flashcards
(47 cards)
List the female pelvic viscera?
Reproductive tract: Ovary, uterine tube, uterus, cervix and vagina
+ Bladder, Rectum and anal canal
Muscles are are found in the lateral pelvic floor and wall
Pelvic floor:
- Levator ani S 3,4. Divided into…
1. Iliococcygeus
2. Pubococcygeus
Lateral wall:
- Puborectalis: Sling around recto-anal junction to aid rectal continence
- Pubovaginalis: Spincter around vagina, for close and general support of the urogenital organs
Position of the ovary?
On lateral pelvic wall in an ovarian fossa in the angle between the internal and external iliac vessels.
Medial to the obturator nerve and the thin wall of the acetabulum**
*Central dislocation of the hip may injure the ovary
Role of ovary?
Produces an ovum monthly is response to FSH and LH from the pituitary gland.
Produces oestrogen and progesterone to maintain uterine cycle
Relation of ovary to peritoneum?
The peritoneum is absorbed into the ovarian wall, therefore the ovary is truly intraperitoneal i.e. it actually lies inside the peritoneal cavity
Support of the ovary?
Hangs off the posterior aspect of the broad ligament on the mesovarium
Is supported by the ovarian ligament and suspensory ligament
What is the suspensory ligament of the ovary?
In the broad ligament and carrying the ovarian blood vessels
Relations of the ovarian ligament?
In the broad ligament and between the ovary and uterus
Relations of the round ligament?
Remnant of..
Is a continuation of the ligament of the ovary. Passes from the uterus and to the labia (through inguinal canal)
Remnant of GUBERNACULUM
Where is the ovum secreted into from the ovary?
Risk?
Ovulation into the peritoneal cavity, where the ovum is “picked up” by the fimbriated end of the uterine (Fallopian) tube.
Risk: As the ovum is secreted into the peritoneal cavity, ectopic pregnancy may occur in the peritoneal cavity or in the uterine tube
Position of the ureter in relation to the ovary? Risk?
The ureter lies posteriorly and is at risk during surgical procedures on the ovary
Position of the obturator nerve in relation of the ovary? Risk?
The obturator nerve lies laterally
Risk: Ovarian disease may cause referred pain to the medial thigh
Vascular supply of the ovary?
Ovarian artery from the aorta at L1/2
Ovarian vein: Form a plexus that coalesces into the ovarian vein. The left drains to the left renal vein. The right ovarian vein drains to the IVC
Nerve supply of the ovary?
Referred pain?
By symphatic nerves derived from T10/11
Referred pain is to the peri-umbilical region
Ovary lymph drainage?
To the para-aortic nodes
Sections of the uterine tube?
- Ostium surrounded by fimbriae (within peritoneal cavity)
- Infundibulum
- Ampulla (where fertilisation occurs)
- Isthmus
- Intramural part through uterine wall
Uterine tube: Ligament attachments Blood supply? Referred pain? Function?
Ligaments: In the upper, free edge of the broad ligament (mesosalpinx)
Blood supply: From anastomosis between the uterine and ovarian arteries
Referred pain: Lower abdomen
Function: Ovum fertilisation and transport
Uterus structural features?
Pear shaped
Thick walled
Muscular
Function of uterus?
Central pelvic organ for implantation of the fertilised ovum and growth of the foetus and placenta
Muscular support of the uterus from..
- Levator ani
- Perineal body
- Perineal membrane
The visceral and parietal fasciae meet and fuse as the organs pierce the pelvic floor, forming the….
Tendinous arch of the pelvic fascia
Facial thickenings on the pelvic floor that form uterine ligaments..
Tendinous arch of PF \+ Lateral ligament of the bladder \+ Paracolpium, divided into... - Uterosacral posteriorly - Transverse cervical / Cardinal ligament (carries uterine artery) laterally - Pubocervical anteriorly
Weakness of the ligaments and of the pelvic floor muscles may lead to ….
PROLAPSE
Which ligaments hold the uterus anteverted and anteflexed over the bladder?
Broad and round ligaments
