1. Final Project - Materials - Doors, Windows, and Glazing Flashcards
(64 cards)
1
Q
Door Types:
A
- Wood: most popular, waterproof adhesive exterior, and water resistant adhesives in the interiors
- Flush: solid core or hollow core door
- Panel: wood plywood, glass, or fixed wood lovers, section held in place by stiles or rails
• Steel Flush Doors: faced of painted sheet steel are most common in nonresidential
buildings, permitted to have hollow cores inside, but solid cores are required for outside/fire protection
• Hollow Metal: steel frame covered with sheet metal, and are rigid, permanent, and meet and fire rating
• Metal Clad: Solid wood core covered with sheet metal
- Aluminum: Used in curtain wall/storefront applications, rarely used for fire doors
- Speciality: Lead lined X-ray shielding doors, cold storage doors, bank vault doors
2
Q
glass doors must be tempered. what is tempering
A
Tempering puts the outer surfaces into compression and the inner surfaces into tension. Such stresses cause the glass, when broken, to crumble into small granular chunks instead of splintering into jagged shards. The granular chunks are less likely to cause injury.
3
Q
Fire doors serve four main purposes:
A
- Serve as a regular door at all times
- Provide ready egress during a fire
- Keep fire from spreading throughout the building
• Protect life and property
4
Q
Panic hardware:
A
Push bars are usually 3/4 the width of a door leaf and allow door to unlatch when pressure is applied
5
Q
four basic types of door hinges
A
full mortise: both leaves fully mortised into abutting surfaces of a door and foorjamb, only the knuckle is visible
half mortise: one leaf mortised into the door and other surface mounted to the door frame
full surface: two leaves surface-mounted to adjacent faces of door & frame
half surface: one leaf mortised into doorframe and other surface-mounted to face of door
6
Q
Ball bearing hinges are requried for
A
- heavy application doors
- fire rated assemblies
- all doors with closers
7
Q
Rule of thumb for hinge width
A
width of hinge equals twice the door thickness, plus trim projection, minus 1/2 in
-if the fraction fall between standard sizes, use next larger size
8
Q
back set
A
the distance fromt he edge of the door to the center line of the doorknob or pivot of a level handle is called the backset
-standard backets are 2 3/4” and 5 in
9
Q
number of hinges are determined by…
A
height of door
- doors up to 60 in high require two hinges (1pair)
- door 60 in to 90 in require 3
- doors 90 in to 120 in high require 4
10
Q
astragal
A
vertical members used between double doors to seal the opneing, act as a door stop, or provide extra security when the doors are closed
11
Q
coordinator
A
- device used for double doors
- mounted in or on the head of the frame, coordinating the closing sequence of the doors so that they close completely, rather than having the leaf with the astragal close first, preventing the other leaf from closing
12
Q
true or false.
flush bolts are allowed on exit doors
A
false
flush botls are not allowed on exit doors
13
Q
Locking devices:
A
- Latch
- Dead bolt
- When a bolt is used with a latch: Lock
14
Q
Mortise lockset
A
- Housed into a mortise cut into the door edge so that locking mechanism is housed
- Lock is concealed except for a faceplate
15
Q
Rim lockset
A
16
Q
Unit lockset
A
- Rectangular nothch cut into door
- Integral lock fits into a mortise cut into the edge of door
- Security advantages of mortise lock + economy of cylinder lock
17
Q
Cylindrical lockset
A
- Housed into 2 holes bored at right angles to each other
- Inexpensive & easy to install
18
Q
Magnetic hold open devices
A
19
Q
Electronic Bolt
A
20
Q
Electronic Strike
A
21
Q
Doors and hardware are higly regulated by the building codes.
Requirements generally fall into 3 major categories:
A
1) exiting requirements
2) fire rated assemblies
3) access requirements
22
Q
the standard test for doors is …
A
NFPA 252
Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Door Assemblies
23
Q
When fire doors are closed, they must be secured with an …
A
Active latch bolt.
-this is to secure the door during a fire, preventing fire and gas pressure from pushing the door open
24
Q
operating devices on doors, including door handles, pulls, latches, and locks, mist be installed on the door a minimum of
A
34 in
max 48 in AFF
locks used for security purposes only can be installed at any height along the door
25
When glass is installed in a fire door, what kind of glass must it be
**wired glass set in metal frames** or special **fire-protection-rated glass**
26
general requirements for a fire door
- fire rated door assembly must have a **label attached to door and frame**
- a fire door must be **self latching**
- all hardware must be UL listed
- a fire door must be **self closing**, codes permit door to be held open if closer is attached to an apporived smoke or fire detector
- a fire door must use **steel hinges of ball bearing type**
- if double door are used, **astragals** are required
- **glass** in fire rated doors must conform to requirements of local code
- **louvers** must conform to UL requirements for maximum size and construction
27
accessiblity requirements for doors and hardware include:
- mimimum width, clear of hardware of an opened door must be **32 in**
- adequate **maneuvering clearance** in front of and on the latch side of the door to operate it
- there must be a minimum of **48 in between two doors** in a series when they are open 90 degrees
- the max opening force required for various types of doors is specified by the code
- handles and latches must have a shape that is **easy to grasp** and use; usually **lever handles** and **push-pull type** mechanism
- thresholds with a change in level may have a vertical edge up to 1/4 in high, but must be beveled with a slope of 1:2 for heights from 1/4 in **to 1/2 in**
28
Disadvantages of aluminum windows
susceptibility ot **galvanic action** and its **high heat conduction**
galvanic action can be minimized ot eliminiated with the proper selection of fasteners and flashing
heat conduction can be minimized with thermal breaks
29
the space in which the door closes in a door frame is called the ...
rabbet
30
Which type of lock would be most appropriate for an entry door into an office suite
a. cylindrical lock
b. unit lock
c. mortise lock
d. rim lock
c. mortise lock
- most flexibility in the number of operating functions available and is a very durable type of lockset
- next best would be cylindrical lockset
31
The type of lockset that is most secure is...
mortise locks
-they are most secure because the **mechanism is concealed within the leaf** of the door
32
Minimum manoeuvring clearances for wheelchair in front of doors
33
Door hand conventions
34
annealed glass
Annealing is a process of **slowly cooling glass** to _relieve internal stresses_ after it was formed.
Glass which has not been annealed is liable to crack or shatter when subjected to a relatively small temperature change or mechanical shock. Annealing glass is critical to its durability.
35
float glass
- very common
- made by **pouring molten glass on a bed of molten tin** and slowly cooled, forming a smooth flat surface
36
heat strenghtened glass
- produced by **heating glass to about 1100 deg F and slowly cooling**
- _twice the strength of float glass_ (annealed)
- used where the surface is subject to **solar induced thermal stresses** and cyclic **windloading**
37
glass used when sound control is desired
**laminated glass**
38
solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC)
the ratio of the solar heat gain through a specific fenestration to the solar heat gain through a pane of 1/8 in clear glass under identical conidtions
SHGC is a value between 0.0 and 0.87
39
low iron glass
- reduced amount of iron oxigen which gives _light green cast_ to ordinary float glass
- offers exceptional clarity, **optimal light transmission**, and excellents color transmission
40
true or false.
Wire glass can be tempered and can qualify as safety glazing for hazardous materials
false.
_wire glass cannot be tempered_ and does not qualify as safety glazing for hazardous locations
41
aside from wire glass, what are the 3 additional types of **fire rated glass**
1. **clear ceramic**: higher impact resistance than wire glass; low expansion coefficient
2. **special tempered fire protective glass**
two or three layers of tempered glass with a clear polymer gel between them; during a fire the gel foams and turns opaque
3. **glass block**
42
for glass used in fire resistance rated partitions, the IBC differentiates between two types of glazing:
**_fire-protection rated-glazing_** : designed to **compartmentalize smoke and flames** and is subject to application, area and size limitations under the IBC. Up to **45 minutes** and cannot exceed **25% of the total wall area** because it _does not block radiant heat transmission_.
**_fire-resistance rated glazing_** : **Compartmentalizes smoke and flames**, and **blocks the transmission of radiant heat**. **60 minutes and above without the size limitations** that apply to fire protective glass.
43
fire-protection-rated-glazing
**1/4 in thick wired glass**
- must have **45 minute rating** and is limited to 1-hour rated fire partition
- limited **25% of the common wall** within any room using glazing
44
a **slip joint** is ued in the head of an aluminum storefornt system to...
accommodate the deflection of the structure
45
which of the following type of glass is the strongest
a. laminated
b. annealed
c. tempered
d. heat strengthened
a. laminated
Laminated glass is deemed strong since it can stand the force of a **rock or bullet** without shattering and falling off the window or door frame. Its strength can be attributed form the **glass layers and the resin** used as the interlayer.
46
emergency escape and rescue openeings must be provided in all sleeping areas in residential occupancies.
what are the requirements for such openings
minimum width - 20 in
minimum opening height - 24 in
minimum net clear opening - 5.0 sq ft (ground floor) 5.7 sq ft (upper floors)
maximum sill height - 44 in
-awning windows are not acceptable for emergency use
47
an architect is designing a 10 story building and is analyzing the options for the cladding system. She has determined that the building will have a prefabricated curtain wall made of aluminum with a clariety of glass vision and spandrel panels. Although the structural grid of the building is very regular, to add visual interest to the facade the panels will be a variety of sizes. Which type of curtain wall system woulf be the least desirable choce for this application?
a. stick
b. unit and mullion
c. panel
d. unit
c. panel
a panel system is economical and practical only for structures with large numbers of identical panels
48
Types of windows
Fixed
Casement
Awning & Hopper
Sliding
Double hung
Jalousie
Pivoting
49
Flashing in aluminum windows should be
To avoid galvanic action, anchoring materials & flashing should be **aluminum** or compatible materials:
**stainless steel** or **galvanized steel**
Dissimilar materials should be insulated from direct contact:
waterproof, nonconductive material such as **neoprene** or **coated felt**
Contact with concrete and masonry should also be avoided by applying:
**bituminous or aluminum paint** or **zinc chromate primer**
50
Wood frames
* thicker than aluminum or steel
* lowest coefficient of heat transfer, **does not require thermal breaks**
* kiln dried, clear, straight-grain wood, factory-treated with water-repellant preservative
* finishes: stained, painted, primed for painting
* to minimize maintenance, can be clad with vinyl or bonded to acrylic-coated aluminum sections that don't require painting
51
Steel windows
* more rigid & thinner profile than aluminum
* narrower sightlines and bigger sections of glass can be installed
* lower coefficient of heat transfer than aluminum, **does not require thermal breaks**
* finishes: galvanized or bonderized and primed for painting, baked acrylic enamel, urethane, PVC finish also available
52
Aluminum window frames
* low in cost
* lightweight
* corrosion resistant
* conductors so synthetic rubber or plastic **thermal breaks required**
* finishes: anodized, baked enamel, fluoropolymer resin finish
53
Wet glazing
Dry glazing
Structural gaskets
Wet glazing: set glass in window frame with glazing tape or liquid sealant
Dry flazing: setting of a glass in frame with a compression gasket
Structural gaskets: preformed of synthetic rubber to secure glass pane into frame. Held in compression by forcing a keyed locking strip into a groove in the gasket
There should be **no direct contact** between the glass and the perimeter frame.
54
Insulating glass
Two or + sheets of glass separated by sealed air space.
Air space filled with **dehydrated air or inert gas** (argon or krypton).
A desiccant (chemical dehumidifier) in the spacer absorbs any moisture.
55
For safety use _____ type of glass
annealed, tempered or laminated
56
For improved thermal efficiency use _____ type of glass
tinted, reflective, or low-emissivity (low-e)
low-emissivity coating reflects much of the incident radiant energy while admitting most of the visible light.
57
Skylights at an angle of 45 or less require...
a curb 4" high min off the surface of the roof
58
column cover and spandrel system
emphasizes the structural module of the building rather than creating its own grid on the facade
- custom design must be created for each project because there is no standard column or floor spacing for buildings
- spaecial care is required in detailing the spandrel panel support of ensure that the panels do not **deflect** when loads are applied to the spandrel beams
59
panel system
- made up of homogeneous units that are formed from metal sheet
- advantages and disadvantages are similar to unit systems
- but production involves the higher tooling costs of a custom made dies or mold, which is only advantgous for a building requiring a _large number of identical parts_
60
unit and mullion system
- seldom used today
- offers middle ground between the stick and unit systems
61
unit systems
- takes full advantage of factory assembly
- minimizes on site labor
- units require more space during shipping; require more protection during shipping
62
stick systems
principal components are metal **mullions and glass panels**
- low shipping bulk
- high degre of adjustability
- must be assembled on site, under high variable conidtions
63
Difference between :
- a tinted glass
- reflective glass
- low-emissivity glass?
- _Tinted glass_: Has a chemical additive that **absorbs some of the radiant heat** or visible light that reaches the glass.
- _Reflective Glass_: Features a thin, metallic, translucent coating that **reflects some of the light and radiant heat** that reaches it.
- _Low emissivity (low E) glass_: **allows visible light to pass through while reflecting long-wave radiant heat**. It acquires its properties by depositing a thin, low-e coating on the glass itself or on a transparent plastic film which is suspended in the sealed air space of the insulating glass.
64
Characteristic of reflective glass?
Has a thin, metallic, translucent coating that reflects some of the light and radiant heat that reaches it
