1. Functional Anatomy Of The Pelvis

Question 1

SI pain is often described by the patient as _____

Answer 1

Low back pain

Question 2

What kind of joint is the SI?

Answer 2

Diarthrosis

Synovial

Question 3

What kind of joint is the pubic symphysis?

Answer 3

Fibrocartilaginous

Amphiarthrosis

Question 4

The SI joint is boot shaped. The upper half (leg) of the blood articulates at the level of ______

Answer 4

S1

Question 5

The SI joint is boot shaped. The lower half (foot) of the blood articulates at the level of ______

Answer 5

S2-S3

Question 6

The sacral surface of the SI joint (S1-S3) is covered in _____

Answer 6

Hyaline cartilage

Question 7

The cartilage covering which SI joint surface is 3 times thicker.

Answer 7

Sacral surface is three times thicker than iliac surface

Question 8

The iliac surface of the SI joint is covered in _____ cartilage

Answer 8

Fibro

Question 9

The sacral surface of the SI joint is what shape?

Answer 9

Has a central groove/concavity

Question 10

The iliac surface of the SI joint is what shape?

Answer 10

Has central ridge or convexity

Question 11

The sacral surface of the SI joint is ____ shape superior to inferior and ____ shape anterior to posterior

Answer 11

wedge, S

Question 12

What is the large rough bony surface for ligamentous attachment for the SI joint and where is it located?

Answer 12

Iliac tuberosity, located superior and posterior to iliac surface of SI joint

Question 13

Describe SI joints at birth

Answer 13

joints undeveloped, smooth and flat, glide in any direction; stability provided by ligaments

Start to develop with walking

Question 14

Do male or female teens have more pronounced roughening of surfaces and development of grooves and ridges in the SI joint?

Answer 14

Male

Question 15

What does joint surface erosion and possible osteoarthritis begin in the SI joint?

Answer 15

In the 3rd and 4th decades of life

Question 16

The osteoarthritis that begins to occur in the 3rd and 4th decade of life occurs on which surface of the SI joint and why?

Answer 16

Iliac surface, because the cartilage is a third the thickness of the sacral surface

Question 17

When does osteoarthritis develop on the sacral surface of the SI joint?

Answer 17

5th and 6th decade

Question 18

Other than osteoarthritis, what other dysfunction of the SI joint can develop in the 5th and 6th decades of life?

Answer 18

Joint adhesion
Osteocytes
Fusion

Question 19

There is a high prevalence of bony ankylosis in the 7th decade and beyond. What is the prevalence in males vs. females?

Answer 19

Male 27.7%

Females 2.3%

Question 20

There is a high prevalence of bony ankylosis in the 7th decade and beyond in men and it appears to be age dependent. What percentage of males 20-39 years of age have it?

Answer 20

5.8%

Question 21

There is a high prevalence of bony ankylosis in the 7th decade and beyond in men and it appears to be age dependent. What percentage of males 60-79 years of age have it?

Answer 21

31.1

Question 22

There is a high prevalence of bony ankylosis in the 7th decade and beyond in men and it appears to be age dependent. What percentage of males 80+ years of age have it?

Answer 22

46.7%

Question 23

Fusion of the SI joint mainly occurs in the _____ part.

Answer 23

Superior

Question 24

What is the function of intrinsic SI ligaments?

Answer 24

bind sacrum to the ilium, limit movement and provide significant
support.

Question 25

What are the intrinsic ligaments of the SI joint?

Answer 25

Posterior SI ligament (includes interosseous and dorsal ligaments) Anterior SI ligament Joint capsule

Question 26

Which of the posterior sacroiliac ligaments is the major posterior stabilizer?

Answer 26

Interosseous The dorsal ligaments are smaller and not as critical

Question 27

The dorsal ligaments of the SI joint limit _____ movement of the sacral base?

Answer 27

Anterior/nutation

Question 28

The dorsal ligament of the SI joint span from where to where?

Answer 28

The sacrum to the PSIS and iliac tuberosity

Question 29

The anterior SI ligament is a thickening of the ____

Answer 29

Anterior joint capsule

Question 30

The joint capsule is more developed ______

Answer 30

Anteriorly

Question 31

What are the extrinsic ligaments of the SI joint?

Answer 31

Sacrotuberous | Sacrospinous

Question 32

Where does the sacrotuberous ligament span?

Answer 32

From the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity

Question 33

What is the function of the extrinsic ligaments of the SI joint?

Answer 33

The sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments limit posterior movement of the sacral apex (nutation)

Question 34

Where does the sacro spinous ligament span?

Answer 34

From the inferior lateral edge of the scrum and the upper edge of the coccyx to the ischial spine

Question 35

What kind of cartilage is the interpubic disc of the pubic symphysis?

Answer 35

Fibrocartilaginous

Question 36

What muscles act on the SI joint?

Answer 36

None directly cross the joint and therefore none act on it directly, but many influence the mechanical behavior of the joint or respond to stresses applied to it including - erector spinae - QL - iliopsoas - piriformis - gluteals

Question 37

muscles can react to SI stress causing ____ and ____.

Answer 37

spasms, trigger points

Question 38

abnormal muscle tension may limit overall SI movement leading to _____

Answer 38

joint dysfunction

Question 39

What is the innervation of the SI joint?

Answer 39

Exact innervation is debated, but neural elements have been identified in the joint capsule and adjoining ligaments suggesting innervation for both pain and proprioception