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Bacteriology 🦠 > (1) Gram Negative Bacilli – Book > Flashcards

(1) Gram Negative Bacilli – Book Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

What is the purpose of the CAMP test?

A

To differentiate Group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) from other streptococcal species.

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2
Q

How does the CAMP test work?

A

Group B streptococci produce a CAMP factor that enhances hemolysis with Staphylococcus aureus, forming an arrowhead-shaped zone of lysis.

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3
Q

What does a positive CAMP test look like?

A

Arrowhead-shaped hemolysis

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4
Q

What is the purpose of Cetrimide Agar?

A

To isolate and purify Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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5
Q

What is the principle of Cetrimide Agar?

A

The agar is toxic to most bacteria but allows Pseudomonas aeruginosa to grow.

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6
Q

What does a positive result on Cetrimide Agar show?

A

Growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a color change in the colony.

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the Coagulase test?

A

To differentiate Staphylococcus aureus (positive) from coagulase-negative staphylococci (negative).

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8
Q

How does the Coagulase test work?

A

Staphylococcus aureus produces coagulase, which causes plasma to clot.

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9
Q

What does a positive Coagulase test look like?

A

Clot formation

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the Esculin Hydrolysis test?

A

For presumptive identification and differentiation of Enterobacteriaceae.

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11
Q

How does the Esculin Hydrolysis test work?

A

Organisms that hydrolyze esculin form a dark precipitate when reacting with Fe3+.

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12
Q

What does a positive Esculin Hydrolysis test look like?

A

Blackening of the medium

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13
Q

What is the purpose of Fermentation Media?

A

To differentiate organisms based on carbohydrate fermentation.

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14
Q

How does Fermentation Media work?

A

Fermentation produces acid, which is detected by a color change in the pH indicator.

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15
Q

What does a positive result in Fermentation Media look like?

A

A color change indicating acid production.

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the Leucine Aminopeptidase (LAP) test?

A

To identify catalase-negative gram-positive cocci.

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17
Q

How does the LAP test work?

A

LAP enzyme hydrolyzes a substrate to produce a red color when cinnamaldehyde is added.

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18
Q

What does a positive LAP test look like?

A

A red color

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19
Q

What is the purpose of the Microdase Test?

A

To differentiate Staphylococcus from Micrococcus spp.

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20
Q

How does the Microdase Test work?

A

The oxidase enzyme reacts with a reagent and cytochrome C to form indophenol.

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21
Q

What does a positive Microdase Test look like?

22
Q

What is the purpose of Motility Testing?

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A

To determine if an organism is motile.

23
Q

How does Motility Testing work?

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A

Motile organisms spread from the inoculation site in semisolid agar.

24
Q

What does a positive Motility Test look like?

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A

Diffusion of growth from the inoculation line.

25
What is the purpose of Lactobacillus MRS Broth?
test gas production during glucose fermentation.
26
How does Lactobacillus MRS Broth work?
The medium supports lactobacilli growth, and gas presence is observed with a Durham tube.
27
What does a positive Lactobacillus MRS Broth test look like?
Growth with gas production or no gas.
28
What is the purpose of the Flagella Stain?
To visualize bacterial flagella and identify motile species.
29
How does the Flagella Stain work?
Flagella are stained with a mordant to increase their visibility under a microscope.
30
What is observed in the Flagella Stain?
The presence and arrangement of flagella.
31
What is the purpose of the Indole Production test?
To identify organisms producing the enzyme tryptophanase.
32
How does the Indole Production test work?
Tryptophan is hydrolyzed to indole, producing a red color with Kovac’s reagent.
33
What does a positive Indole Production test look like?
A red ring at the top of the medium.
34
What is the purpose of the MUG test?
To identify Enterobacterales and verotoxin-producing E. coli.
35
How does the MUG test work?
The enzyme β-D-glucuronidase hydrolyzes the substrate to produce blue fluorescence under UV light.
36
What does a positive MUG test look like?
Blue fluorescence under UV light.
37
What is the purpose of the Nitrite Reduction test?
To detect the ability of an organism to reduce nitrite to nitrogen or other nitrogen compounds.
38
How does the Nitrite Reduction test work?
Reduction to nitrogen shows gas in the Durham tube; lack of red color indicates nitrite reduction.
39
What does a positive Nitrite Reduction test look like?
No color change with gas in the Durham tube.
40
What is the purpose of the Phenylalanine Deaminase Agar test?
To detect the deamination of phenylalanine to phenylpyruvic acid.
41
How does the Phenylalanine Deaminase Agar test work?
Phenylpyruvic acid reacts with ferric chloride to form a green color.
42
What does a positive Phenylalanine Deaminase Agar test look like?
A green color
43
What is the purpose of the L-Pyrrolidonyl Arylamidase test?
To identify group A streptococci and enterococci.
44
How does the L-Pyrrolidonyl Arylamidase test work?
The PYR enzyme hydrolyzes the substrate to form a red precipitate.
45
What does a positive L-Pyrrolidonyl Arylamidase test look like?
A red color
46
What is the purpose of the Pyruvate Broth test?
To differentiate Enterococcus faecalis from Enterococcus faecium.
47
How does the Pyruvate Broth test work?
Pyruvate metabolism lowers the pH, changing bromothymol blue from blue to yellow.
48
What does a positive Pyruvate Broth test look like?
A yellow color
49
What is the purpose of the Salt Tolerance test?
To differentiate enterococci from non-enterococci.
50
How does the Salt Tolerance test work?
Enterococci grow in high salt concentrations, and the medium changes color with acid production.
51
What does a positive Salt Tolerance test look like?
Turbidity and/or yellow color

Bacteriology 🦠 (2 decks)

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